初三第一学期英语期末复习(1)

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Revision for 9A Final Examination

January, 2010

Oxford English Shanghai Edition

Part I Grammar

Chapter 1/Non-finite Verbs

Some verbs have another verb after them in sentences. The second verb is in the “to”

form or “doing” form

1 Verbs with–to do

afford;apply;agree;ask;appear;ain;arrange;determine/decide;claim;choose;demand;expect;fail;hope;long;offer;plan;prepare;pretend;pr-omise;refuse;wish; etc.

2 Verbs with–do

can’t help but do; help (to) do; make/let/have sb. do; etc.

3 Verbs with-doing

avoid;admit;advise;appreciate;allow;delay/defer/postpone;deny;co-nsider;escape;excuse;fancy(be keen on);forbid ;imagine; keep;mind

miss; permit; practice; require(need); resist; suggest; involve; forgive understand; feel like; can’t help; can’t bear(stand);enjoy etc.

Chapter 2/ Adjectives and Adverbs

When we compare two or more things, we add –er or –est to short adjectives and use

more or most with long adjectives. We usually use “the” in front of a superlative.

1. Comparative Forms of Adjectives

a) We often use than when we compare 2 things.

e.g. Books are cheaper than computers.

e.g.-Which river is longer, the Nile or the Amazon?

-The Nile is longer.

e.g. Jack is taller than any other boy in his class.

China is bigger than any country in Africa.

b) ①a. + -er → comparative form

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②more + a. → comparative form ③end with “y” y + ier ④some irregular changes

2. Superlative Forms of Adjectives

a) We often use than when we compare more than 2 things.

e.g. China has the largest population in the world e.g.-Which one is the best, A, B or C?

-A is the best.

e.g. Jack is taller than any other boy in his class.

= Jack is the tallest boy in his class.

b) ①the a. + -est → superlative form

②the most + a. → superlative form ③end with “y” y + iest ④some irregular changes

3. Things to remember

If we want to use the superlative forms of adjectives, we must put “the” before them.

Chapter 3/Present Perfect Tense

We can use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past,

but are connect with the present.

1. Structure

have/has + past participle

a) to describe actions happened in the past but connected with the present. b) to describe actions been continued till now 2. Verbs in Past Participle

Turn to the Word List in Basic Teaching Requirement

3. Things to remember

a) Time Adverbial

i.

to express actions been continued till now 1. for three years 2. since three years ago

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3. since I was 12 years old ii.

to express actions been done

e.g. just, already, yet, before, ever, never etc. iii.

to express other situations e.g. by now, up to/till now

in the past/last 30 years recently/lately

once/twice/three times

this Saturday

b) transforms of verbs in Perfect Tense

get to know come/arrive go out leave begin begin to do★ buy/purchase borrow/lend join die

catch a cold

Know be in be out be away from be on done have keep

be a member of/be in be dead have a cold

etc.

Chapter 4/ Adverbs

Some adverbs tell us how people do things. We usually make these adverbs by

adding –ly to adjectives. We use adverbs to describe verbs, adjectives, adverbs and the whole sentences.

1. Structure

We often put –ly after adjectives to make these adverbs, except some irregular adverbs .

2. the adverbs in COMPARATIVE FORM, the adverbs in COMPARATIVE FORM.

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3. much/ a little/ even/ still/ far + adverbs in Comparative Form these underlined adverbs are called “degree adverbs”

Chapter 5/ Passive Voice

We use ACTIVE VOICE when we know whom the action is given BY We use PASSIVE VOICE when we know whom the action is given TO

1. Structure.

be + past participle

e.g. His grandson is being taught everything Damin know by him.

Everything Damin knows is being taught to his grandson by him.

2. Changing Rules.

Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense

am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done was/were being done have/has been done had been done

will be/is going to be done would be done

can/should/must be done

etc.

Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Past Present Tense Simple Future Tense Past Future Tense *Aux. V.

3. Things to Remember

1. Verbs with direct & in direct Objects.

a) Oi + be done + Od b) Od + be done + to/for +Oi

i. ii.

give, send, write, show, pass, hand, award, offer etc. –to Oi buy, make, purchase, do, sing, draw, get, etc.-for Oi

e.g. take place e.g. become

2. Vi can’t be used separately in Passive Voice

3. link-v. can’t be used in Passive Voice

4. Expressions that can’t be separated in Passive Voice

take care of, look after, care for, operate on, look for, set up, let out, etc.

to

sb. be done to do sth.

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5. Vt + sb. + do