11暑假班第十一站主谓一致和倒装句

主谓一致和倒装句

暑假班第五站

内容解读

1．主谓一致的语法一致原则 2．主谓一致的意义一致原则 3．主谓一致的邻近原则 4．倒装句的用法

常考知识清单一

语法一致原则

主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采取复数形式．

1．由and或both?and?连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语用复数形式． ①Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友． ②Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生．

2．不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, on one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数． ①Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有什么毛病吗？ ②Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 大家都为运动会做好了准备．

3．由each, each?and, each?,every ?and, every?作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式． ①Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书． ②There are three children in the room. Each (of them) has a big apple in their hands. 房间里有三个小孩，每个人手里都有一个大苹果

4．主语后接with, along with, together with, as well as, no less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but等短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定． ①No one but I is mistaken．除了我没有人搞错．

②Mr Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 格林先生和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京．

③All except Harry have passed the driving test. 除了哈里之外都通过了驾驶考试．

5．a number of+名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数． ①A number of trees are cut down.

②The number of students in our class is 32. 我班学生人数为32人．

6．a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of)+名词，分数或百分数+名词等作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式． ①Lots of people have been there．很多人去过那儿．

②Most of the computers are bought from Beijing.这里的在部分电脑都是从北京买来的．

7．由a pair（a kind, a series,?）+of+复数句词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；pairs（kinds,?）+of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数．

①A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table．一副太阳镜正放在桌子上． ②Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作十五双鞋．

8．某些只有复数形式的名词（如：clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves,?）作主语时，谓语动词用复数．

①My shoes are worn out. 我的鞋子穿坏了．

9．不定式或v-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数． ①Reading is learning读书就是学习． ②To see is to believe 眼见为实． 常考知识清单二 意义一致原则

意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语是由单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念． 1．由and 连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念，（and后面无冠词）时，谓语动词用单数形式． ①The teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week.

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那位老师兼作家下周要给我们作报告．

②The singer and dancer had been invited to the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会．

2．表示度量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式．

①Three years is a long time．三年是一段很长的时间

②Fifty yuan was paid to Mr Green.付给格林先生50元钱．

3．集体名词（如family, team, crow, company, class, group, government?）如果表示整体概念，其谓语动词须用单数形式，如果表示集体中的成员，其谓语动词须有复数形式．

试比较：My family is small one with three people. 我家是一个只有三口人的小家庭． My family all like classical music.我全家都喜欢古典音乐．

4．people, police, cattle等集合名词作主语时，其谓语动词须用复数形式． The police are helping a girl find her mother. 警察帮助女孩找妈妈． 5．算式中加法和乘法用单数也可用复数，但减法和除法必须用单数． ①What are (is)there times three?三乘以三是多少？ ②Ten minus five leaves five. 10减去5还有5

6．one and a half 的后面要接复数名词，作主语谓语动词要用单数形式． One and a half cakes is a good meal for the monkey. 一个半蛋糕对猴子来说是一顿美餐． 常考知识清单三 邻近原则

有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，却与它邻近的名词一致，这种原则叫做邻近原则，邻近原则多用在不甚严肃的文体中．

1．由either?or, neither?nor, not only?but (also), not?but 或or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词须与较近的主语保持一致．

①Neither her sisters nor Mary going to the party tomorrow. A. is B. are C. was D. will

②Not only my parents but also I (be) looking for ward to meeting my uncle. 不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔．

2．There be?和Here be?这两个句式中的动词be 常与最近主语在数上保持一致． There is a table with three legs in Tom’s room. 常考知识清单四 倒装句 1．??so?助词(be/情态动词)?主语如sodoI?neither?助动词(be/情态动词)?主语.如:neitherdoI

（1）这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意思是“某人（物）也这样”．这种结构中的助动词（be或情态动词）在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其数则由后的主语决定． Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 2．这两种结构的不同点是：

so+谓语动词+主语依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人，“我也??”，相当于I do, too. Neither+谓语+主语依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人．“我也不??”相当于I don’t, either.

①Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann. 汤姆昨晚看电视，安也看电视了．

②Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim. 玛丽昨晚没有看看电视，吉姆也没看． 易混知识清单

1．并列连词and 连接交列主语的几种情况．

（1）两个或多个单数名词、不可数名词或代词并列共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数 Tom and Jim are going to Beijing tomorrow.

（2）当and连接的两个名词指同一人或物（and后无冠词）时，谓语动词仍用单数形数式． The worker and writer is coming tomorrow.

（3）and 连接的两个单数名词前由every, each或no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式．

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Each boy and each girl is going to take part in the sports meeting next week. 每个男孩和每个女孩下周都要参加运动会．

① The teacher and writer to visit our school. A. is coming B. are coming C. have come D. was coming

② Tom with other boys to go and a game. A. want; watch B. wants; watches C. wants; watch D. want; to watch 2. either of, neither of, both of , neither?nor, either, both?and 的单、复数 谓语动词用单数 谓语动词用复数 就近原则 either of neither of both of both?and either?or neither?nor (1). Neither you nor I a student. A. is B. are C. am D. were

(2) Both of my parents teacher. A. is B. are C. am D. was

3. a number of, many, a few+ 名词作主语时，谓语词用复数．the number of, a little, much+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数．

The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them about for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 4. one of+名词复数+谓语动词单数，表示“其中之一”． One of women from America. A. is B. are C. has D. being’

5. 在倒装句中，so+谓语+主语，表示“某人（物）也这样，而so+主语+谓语表示“某人确实如此”，是对第一句话的进一步的肯定，前后两句的主语是同一个人． -- Tom is an American. –So he is. 汤姆是一个美国人–的确如此 (1) I liked to play basketball when I was young . A. So he was B. So was he C. So did he D. So he did

(2) – Hi, Mary, We’re going to help Grandma Li with her house work this Saturday afternoon. -- .

A. So I am B. So do I C. So I do D. So am I

全国中考题组

1. It’s a beautiful, sunny day! There many people here on vacation. A. be

B. am

C. is D. are

2. – I will go to Hainan for a visit this summer vacation. -- . A. So do I B. So I do A. is B. are

-- . A. So his has

B. So has his

C. So hers is

D. So is hers

5. It rained heavily this morning, but of my classmates were away from school. A. neither B. none

C. all D. both

6. A report says hundreds and thousands of trees in the Auason (亚马孙河)Rain foreat last year. A. was cut down B. have been cut down C. were cut down D. had been cut down 7. – How well Alan dances! I can’t believe my eyes!

-- . A. So he does B. So does he

C. So do I

D. So I do

C. So will I

D. So I will

3. How time flies! Three years really a short time.

C. was D. were

4. – My village has changed a lot.

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8. Every year many foreigners to China to learn Chinese. A. have come B. comes C. came D. come

9. China’s sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang Goodwill Ambassadors（亲善大使）for Shanghai.

A. has been named B. have been named C. has named D. have named

10. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. of them are the pride of China.

A. Both A. is

B. Neither C. All D. None

C. had D. have

C. is singing D. are singing

11. There some old people taking a walk in the park.

B. are

12. Listen! Someone outside, A. sing B. sings came here.

A. has gone B. has been

C. have gone D. have been

14. – How many teachers are there in your school?

-- About 200. One third of them men teachers. A. have

B. has

C. are

D. is

15. Physics more interesting than maths, I think.

A. are B. is C. was 全国中考题组

1. Either Bob or Peter watching the 17th World Cup now. A. is B. are

C. am D. be

2. – Are the twins on the football team? -- No, neither of them on the team.

A. is B. are C. were D. be

3. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.

A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 4. Jenny: How many countries in Europe?

Betty: I’m not sure. A. is it B. is there

C. are they D. are there

D. were

5. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. was A. have B. has

C. is D. are

B. are a number of deers

6. How time flies! Ten years passed.

7. Look! There playing with the tourists on Yinhe square.

A. are a number of deer

C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 8. – When are you going to Kunming for your holidays.

-- I haven’t decided. this Sunday next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor -- I’m afraid day is possible.

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13. Not only his parents but also his grandfather to a lot of places of interest in our country since they

D. were

D. Not only; but also

9. – Can you come and give us a talk on Thursday or Friday?