电气设备热故障分析及其对策 毕业论文设计

电气设备热故障分析及其对策

[摘要]电力企业往往因系统设备过热多次发生故障，造成停机停炉事故。本文分析了电力企业电气设备热故障产生的原因，针对电气设备的热故障进行了观察和分析，并将该类故障主要分为外部故障和内部故障两大类型；分析了在正常和故障情况下电气设备发热形成的原因;提出了电阻损耗、介质损耗和铁磁缺损这三种发热形式的等级和处理措施，以及常见电气设备温度的测试标准，红外诊断技术对电气设备的早期故障缺陷及绝缘性能做出可靠的预测，使传统电气设备的预防性试验维修提高到预知状态检修，这也是现代企业发展方向。据此可及时消除电气设备热隐患，提高设备运行的安全性。

[关键词]电气设备；热故障；安全性

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[Abstract] Power enterprise system is too hot for equipment many times, downtime resulting from blast furnace at the accident. this article analyzes the electrical equipment failure of electricity companies is the reason for the failure of electrical equipment for observation and analysis, this class is divided mainly into an external and internal problems with two major types；analysis and in normal circumstances were responsible for electrical equipment; the resistance and losses, medium and the defect of the three forms of violence and treatment measures, and the common test the temperature of the electrical equipment and techniques for diagnosis the electrical equipment failure of the defects and insulating performance a reliable estimate, the traditional test of preventive repairs electrical equipment to predict the state. this is also a modern enterprise development. accordingly the electrical equipment may be hidden in a hot, and improve the operation of equipment security. [Key words]electrical equipment; hot breakdown; security

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目录

绪论 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 第一章 电气设备热故障的分析 ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.1电气设备发热的原因.................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2电气设备发热来源 ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3电气设备热故障的分类 .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1外部故障 ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 电气设备内部故障 .............................................................................................................................. 4 第二章 电气设备热故障的影响及危害 ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1电气设备热故障的影响 .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1绝缘性能降低 ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2机械强度下降 ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3导体接触部分性能变坏 ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.2电气设备热故障的危害 .............................................................................................................................. 7 2.3电气设备热故障等级及判断 ...................................................................................................................... 7 第三章 电气设备热故障的预防与处理 .............................................................................................................. 11 3.1电气设备热故障的预防 ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.1加强巡视检查质量 .............................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.2加强检修质量 ...................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2电气设备热故障的处理 ............................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.1压紧力不恰当引起的发热的处理 ...................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2导体相互连接的接触面不平整引起的发热的处理 .......................................................................... 12 3.2.3导体表面氧化、积灰引起的发热的处理 .......................................................................................... 13 3.2.4设备存在制造缺陷、个别环节的电接触方式不当引起的发热处理 .............................................. 13 3.3处理发热工作中应注意的问题 ................................................................................................................ 14 3.3.1接触面接触电阻的测定 ..................................................................................................................... 14 3.3.2接触质量的判断 ................................................................................................................................. 14 3.3.3根据发热具有季节性的特点预防发热故障 ...................................................................................... 15 第四章 电气设备热故障的红外线诊断技术 ..................................................................................................... 16 4.1红外线技术的特点 ................................................................................................................................... 16 4.2红外线技术对故障的诊断 ........................................................................................................................ 18 4.2.1外部热故障的判断 ............................................................................................................................. 18 4.2.2内部热故障的判断 ............................................................................................................................. 19 4.3红外线技术的适用范围 ............................................................................................................................ 20 4.3.1高压电气设备内部导流回路故障的诊断 .......................................................................................... 20 4.3.2高压电气设备内部绝缘故障的诊断 .................................................................................................. 20 4.3.3其他故障诊断 ..................................................................................................................................... 20 第五章 案例分析 ................................................................................................................................................. 21 结束语 .................................................................................................................................................................. 24 参考文献............................................................................................................................................................... 25

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绪论

一次设备：直接生产和输配电能的设备称为一次设备。包括发电机、变压器、断路器、隔离开关、自动空气开关、接触器、闸刀开关、母线、电力电缆、电抗器、避雷器、熔断器、互感器等等。

二次设备：对一次设备的工作进行监察测量和控制保护的辅助设备成为二次设备。包括仪表、继电器、自动控制设备、信号设备及保护、电源等等。

随电力系统近年来的迅猛发展，一、二次设备新型设备的推广应用和更新换代，变电设备本身性能的可靠程度逐步提高，小型变电站正逐步向无人职守过渡。但是，通过最近几年来的缺陷统计和分析，发热故障的上升趋势越来越明显，严重影响了设备的安全运行，已经引起了电力系统各部门的重点关注。

电气设备的发热是我们在工作中不容忽视的一个问题,它不仅影响设备的正常运行,还会导致电气设备的绝缘热击穿、导体连接部位的热变形、甚至熔焊,严重危及电气设备的安全可靠运行。因此正确认识电气设备发热以及准确的掌握运行中电气设备的温度变化情况,及早发现过热并排除,可以大大减少电力系统的故障与事故还可提高供电的可靠性,保证正常供电。电气发热会使载流导体和周围介质温度升高，工作环境恶化，使绝缘老化损坏，导致电气设备的故障或事故。这种故障或事故往往是引发火灾的直接或间接原因。因此研究电气设备的发热对电气设备的正常运行具有重要的意义。

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