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专题八 动词的辨析 网络清单
+宾语 及物动词 +双宾语 实义动词 +复合宾语 不及物动词
连系动词:be, seem, sound, turn, become等 + 表语 +doing 动词的 be 种类 +done 助动词 +done have(has, had)
+been doing do(does, did)
will, shall, would, should
情态动词:may, can, must, might, could等
知识清单
考点一、动词词义辨析 1. 动词词义辨析
动词词义的区别是现在中考考查动词的重点,所以考生要准确记忆大纲中所出现的动词的词义,并在具体语言环境下学会辨析。 2. 连系动词
常见的连系动词有:be(变得), become(变得), get(成为,变得), look(看上去), seem(似乎,好像), turn(变得), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来), keep(保持)这些词没有被动语态形式。如:
Mr. Wang seems very angry. 王先生好像很生气。 This kind of cloth feels soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。 The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
Now my dream becomes true. 现在我的梦想实现了。 You must keep healthy. 你必须保持健康。 Her face turns red. 你的脸红了。 3. 易混动词辨析
(1)arrive, get和reach表示“到达”时的区别
arrive in + 大地点,arrive at + 小地点;get to + 地点名词;reach是及物动词,后边直接跟地点名词。如: We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon. 我们下午五点到的那个村庄。 When did you arrive in Beijing? 你们是何时到北京的啊? How do you usually get to school? 你通常怎样到学校?
When she reached the office, the teacher was having a short rest. 当她到达办公室时,老师正在休息。 (2)borrow, lend, keep borrow“借”,为终止性动词,表示“借入”某物,常用短语borrow sth. From sb.; lend“借”,为终止性动词,表示“借出”某物,常用短语lend sth. to sb.; keep“保持;借”,为延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”。如:
I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. 昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。 Could you lend your pen to me? 你能把你的钢笔借给我吗? How long can we keep the book? 我们能借这本书多久? (3)dress, put on, wear\\
dress sb.给某人穿衣服,dress sb. up打扮某人;put on穿上;戴上,表动作;wear穿着,戴着,表状态,与“be in”同意。如:
The boy dressed himself quickly. 男孩快速地穿上衣服。
Mother dressed her baby in a red skirt. 母亲给婴儿穿上红裙子。
The lady dressed herself up and went to the party. 这位女士穿上盛装去参加聚会了。 Jim put on his coat and went out. 吉姆穿上大衣出去了。 Lily is wearing a red skirt today. 莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。 (4)see, look, watch, read
see看见,表结果;look看,表动作,不及物动词,后面需要奖赏介词at才能跟宾语;watch看(比赛、电视);read看书、报,表示阅读。如: I can see an apple on the table. Look, there is a kite flying in the sky.
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. Don’t read books in the sun. (5)bring, take, carry, fetch bring意为“带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话者的地方”;take意为“拿去,拿走”,表示“拿到远离说话者的地方”;carry意为“扛,搬”用力移动,没有方向性;fetch意为“去取,去拿”,表示往返拿东西。如: Please take the books to the classroom.
Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.\\ The bag is very heavy. Please carry it to my office.
Don’t worry, I can fetch the key. (6)die, dead, death, dying die意为“死”,是不及物动词,非延续性动词;dead意为“死的”,是形容词。如: Her grandfather died last year. 她的祖父去年死了。
Her grandfather has been dead for two years. 她的祖父死了两年了。 His death is a great loss to China. 他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。 The poor old man was dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。 (7)speak, say, talk, tell
speak作为及物动词时接表示语言的名词;say常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容;talk是不及物动词,后常跟介词to或with,意为“同某人谈话”;tell意为“告诉”,并常与story连用,意为“讲故事”。 (8)spend,cost,take,tell
spend指花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;cost用物作主语,意为“值多少钱”;take可用固定句型表示花费时间,其结构为:It + takes + sb. + 时间 + to do sth.;pay与介词for连用。 (9)look for, find
两个词都有“找”的意思。Listen为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调听的动作;bear强调听的结果。 (11)hung, hanged
两个词同为hang的过去式和过去分词,hung意为“悬挂”;而hanged意为“绞死”。 (12)lose,fail,beat,win lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.;fail指“失败”或“未做成某事”;beat意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍;win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。 (13)lose,forget,leave lose意为“丢失,失去”;forget意为“忘记”,忘记做某事为forget to do sth.;“leave sth. + 地点”意为“把某物落在某处”。
(14)think of, think about, think over think of意为“想到??”;think about意为“考虑”,宾语it或them放在about后;think over意为“仔细考虑”,宾语it或them放在中间,一般指考虑问题。 (15)join in, take part, attend
三个词都有“参加”的意思。join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等;take part in指参加聚会或活动;attend一般指出席会议。 (16)turn, get, grow, become
Turn一般用于颜色的变化,如turn red/yellow;天变黑要用get或grow;天气变暖或变冷用become或get;天变长
或变短一般用get。 考点二 动词词组辨析 1. 动词词组的构成方式
有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,其作用等于一个及物动词,要注意积累。 (1)动词 + 介词
Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。
此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。 (2)动词 + 副词
He turned off the light when he left. 他离开时,把灯关了。 He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来,并给了我。
注意:代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前,当宾语是名词时,放在副词前后均可。 (3)动词 + 副词 + 介词
Let’s go on with the work. 让我们继续这项工作吧!
He gets alone well with his classmates. 他与他的同学们相处得很好。 注意:宾语只能放在介词之后。 (4)动词 + 名词 + 介词
He takes pride in doing a job well. 他以做好工作而自豪。
Please pay attention to the phrases in the article. 请注意文章中的词组。 We can make good use of air. 我们可以充分利用空气。
注意:这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语,宾语只能放在介词之后。 2. 动词词组辨析 (1)动词 + about care about关心,在乎 hear about听说 know about了解 talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about为??担心 (2)动词 + after look after照顾,看管 run after追逐 (3)动词 + at arrive at到达 call at访问(某地) knock at敲击(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑 look at看、注视 shout at冲??喊 work at致力于;努力做 (4)动词 + away die away逐渐消失 get away休假 give away赠送 put away将?收好 run away抛开
(5)动词 + down cut down削减;砍倒 knock down 撞倒 let down使失望 turn down调小 write down记下 (6)动词 + for apply for申请 ask for要求;向??要 care for照料 go for sth.选择某物 leave for出发去 look for寻找 pay for负担??的费用 prepare for为??准备 search for搜寻 send for派人去请 stand for代表;象征
wait for等候
(7)动词 + from come from来自
keep from阻止;抑制 prevent from阻止??
separate??from??把??与??分离 (8)动词 + in b
reak in破门而入 come in进来 fill in填写 hand in上交
succeed in在某方面成功 (9)动词 + into
break into破门而入,闯入 divide?into?把??分成 knock sth. into强行教导 make?into?把?做成 (10)动词 + of complain of抱怨 dream of梦想,渴望 remind sb. of使某人想起 think of想出,想起
warn sb. of sth.警告某人当心某事 (11)动词 + off break off中断 drive off驶去
get off下(车,马等) go off离开
pay off还清(债务) see?off送行
shut off关闭,关上 (12)动词 + on
agree on商定;达成共识 come on来吧;赶快开始 feed on以??为食 get on上车(马,床)
hold on稍等(不挂断电话) keep on继续 pass on传递
operate on给??动手术 try on试穿
(13)动词 + over fail over绊倒
look over仔细检查 turn over翻转
(14)动词 + through
get through接通电话;通过(考试) look through仔细查看,浏览
hear from收到??来信 learn from向??学习
protect from保护??免于?? suffer from受??苦;患??病
call sth. in要求退回 drop in顺片拜访 give in让步;投降 let in让??进来 take in欺骗;吸收
change?into?把??变成?? get into进入;陷入 look into调查
put?into?将?注入 die of因?而死 hear of听说
cut off阻挡,割掉 fall off从?跌下
give off发出,放出(光、热) keep off不接近 put off推迟 show off炫耀
turn off关上(水,电) call on要求,请求 depend on依赖 fix on选定 go on继续 insist on坚持
live on以??为生 put on穿;上演
spend (on)在??上花费 turn on打开(水、电等) go over复习,检查 think over仔细考虑 come over来访 go through通过;经理
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