初中英语语法知识难点大全

初中英语语法知识难点大全

英语语法知识难点(一) (一) 形容词和副词 I． 要点 A． 形容词

1、 形容词的基本用法

形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：

He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.

某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如： The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. The English like to be with their families. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：

冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：

the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers. 2、 形容词比较等级的形式 (1) 规则形式

一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：

great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)most important (2) 不规则形式

good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least (3) 形容词比较等级的用法

①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如： He is cleverer than the other boys.

This one is more beautiful than that one.

②表示两者以上的比较，用\形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …\如： He is the cleverest boy in his class.

③表示两者是同等程度，用\形容词原级+as\如： He is as tall as I.

I have as many books as you. ④ 越… 越…

例如：The more I learn, the happier I am. ⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 ⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

⑦ My English is no better than yours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。 B．副词

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1、 副词的种类

(1) 时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

(2) 地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。 (3) 方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。 (4) 程度副词 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。 2、 副词比较等级的用法

其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如： Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully. We must work harder.

3、 某些副词在用法上的区别 (1) already, yet, still

already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

We've already watched that film. I haven't finished my homework yet. He still works until late every night. (2) too, as well, also, either

too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：

He went there too.

He didn't go there either. I like you as well. I also went there. (3) hard, hardly

hardly意为\几乎\与hard在词义上完全不同。如： I work hard every day.

I can hardly remember that. (4) late, lately

lately意为\最近、近来\，late意为\晚、迟\。如： He never comes late.

Have you been to the museum lately? II． 例题

例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

A high enough B tall enough C enough high C enough tall

解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。 例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

A When I take more medicine B The more medicine I take C Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken

解析：该题正确答案为B。\形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…\意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。 例3\

\

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A too B also C either D neither 解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定\两者都不\，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为\也\。 例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。 (二) 介词 I． 要点

1、 介词和种类

(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。 (2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 2、 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

3、 介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school. 4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例 (1) at, on, in

表时间

表示时间点，某一时刻/年龄用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight, at the age of等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时如on Monday, on the end of November等。

in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) in the morning/afternoon /evening, in spring /in 2007/in March, in the twenty-first century, in his fifties。

表地点:

1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema

2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里. in China in the classroom 3)on 指在某物体的表面上. on the desk

注意: 写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.

He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street. (2) between, among(表位置)

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

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The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如： He is the best among the students. (3) beside, besides

beside意为\在…旁边\，而besides意为\除…之外\。如： He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this? (4) in the tree, on the tree

on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.

There are some apples _____ the tree .

There is a boy ____ the tree

(5) on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

(6) in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外 (7) in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨 (8) by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 (9) 介词in /on / to 表方位:

in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China . on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .

to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)

Japan is _____ the east of China . (10) after / in 在……之后 after

1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时. 2)after 作介词. after doing sth

in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时. He came back ______ two days .

He will go home___finishing his homework .

He will come back _____ two days . (11) with / in / by 表示 “用……”

with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官. He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife . 注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”

He came in _____ a big smile on his face .

in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式. Can you say it _____English ? He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .

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