2017年6月 四级真题详解 - 段落匹配

39.【定位】由题干中的contact, due to和media定位到文章G）段。

G）【精析】同义转述题。定位段指出，得益于这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个其他的受试者（包括锥瑟）自告奋勇，与加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队取得了联系。题干中的 due to the mass media 是对定位句中的 thanks to the subsequent media interest的同义转述；题干中的researchers对应定位句中的the team。故答案为G）。

H) Interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred: although they can remember “autobiographical” life events in extraordinary detail, they seem to be no better than average at recalling impersonal information, such as random （任意选取的） lists of words. Nor are they necessarily better at remembering a round of drinks, say. And although their memories are vast, they are still likely to suffer from “false memories”. Clearly, there is no such thing as a “perfect” memory—their extraordinary minds are still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on. The question is, how? H）(36) 有趣的是，他们的记忆是高度自我中心化的：尽管他们能够非常详细地记住“自传式”生活事件， 但是在记忆非个人信息方面，比如随机排列的单词，他们似乎不比普通人强。再如，他们也不能更好地记住一圈饮料的顺序。尽管这些人的记忆力非常强大，他们仍然很可能会承受“虚假记忆”之苦。很明显，世上不存在什么“完美无瑕”的记忆——他们产生非凡记忆力的工具和我们普通人所依赖的是一样有瑕疵的。问题在于，怎么会这样？

36. People with HSAM have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.

36.【定位】由题干中的memory和impersonal information定位到文章H）段第一句。

H）【精析】 同义转述题。定位句说明了拥有“超级自传体记忆”者的记忆特征是高度自我中心化的；尽管他们能够非常详细地记住“自传式”生活事件， 但是在记忆非个人信息方面，比如随机排列的单词，他们似乎不比普通人强。题干中的have the same memory as ordinary people 是对定位句中的 seem to be no better than average 的同义转述，故答案为H）。

E）—H）段介绍这项研究的起始情况，提出“超级自传体记忆”（HSAM ） 这一概念，指出拥有超强记忆的人其记忆是高度自我中心化的。

I) Lawrence Patihis at the University of Southern Mississippi recently studied around 20 people with HSAM and found that they scored particularly high on two measures: fantasy proneness (倾向）and absorption. Fantasy proneness could be considered a tendency to imagine and daydream, whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully absorbed in an activity—to pay complete attention to the sensations (感受）and the experiences. “I’m extremely sensitive to sounds, smells and visual detail,” explains Nicole Donohue, who has taken part in many of these studies. “I definitely feel things more strongly than the average person. ” I）（45）南密西西比大学的劳伦斯·帕特西斯近来研究了差不多20位拥有“超级自传体记忆”者，发现他们在幻想倾向和专注力两方面得分特别高。幻想倾向可以理解为想象和做白日梦的倾向，而专注力则是使自己的思维全神贯注于某种活动（对感受和经历投人全部的关注）的倾向。“我对声音、气味和视觉信息非常敏感，”尼古拉·唐纳休解释道，他参加了不少这样的研究，“我对事物的感受的确比常人更强烈。”

45. A recent study of people with HSAM reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an activity.

45.【定位】由题干中的fantasy，absorption和in an activity定位到文章I）段第一，二句。

I）【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，南密西西比大学的劳伦斯·帕特西斯近来研究了差不多20位拥有“超级自传体记记”者，发现他们在幻想倾向和专注力两方面得分特别高。幻想倾向可以理解为想象和做白日梦的倾向。而专注力则是使自己的思维全神惯注于某种活动（对感受和经历投人全部的关注）的倾向。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为I）。

J) The absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for recollection, says Patihis, and the fantasy proneness means that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and months. Each time this initial memory trace is “replayed”, it becomes even stronger. In some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day—but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the HSAM subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives.

J）帕特西斯说，专注力帮助他们筑建起记忆的牢固基础，幻想倾向则意味着他们能在接下来的几周或几个月一再重现这些记忆。初次记忆轨迹每被“重播”一

次，记忆就变得越来越强大。某种程度上，在某件大事，比如你的婚礼过后，你也可能会经历这种“重播”过程——但不同的是，拥有“超级自传体记忆”者会在一生中的每一天都进行“重播”，这是他们的其他心理倾向造成的。

K) Not everyone with a tendency to fantasise will develop HSAM, though, so Patihis suggests that something must have caused them to think so much about their past. “Maybe some experience in their childhood meant that they became obsessed (着迷）with calendars and what happened to them,” says Patihis.

K）（37）但是，不是每一个有幻想倾向的人都能发展出“超级自传体记忆”，所以帕特西斯认为一定存在触发他们不停回忆过去的开关。“也许他们童年时代的某种经历使得他们着迷于日历和发生过的事情，”拍特西斯说。

37. Fantasy proneness will not necessarily cause people to develop HSAM.

37.【定位】由题干中的Fantasy和develop HSAM定位到文章K）段第一句。

K）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，不是毎一个有幻想倾向的人都能发展出“超级自传体记忆”。题干中的Fantasy proneness是对定位句中的a tendeocy to fantasise的同义转述；题干中的not necessarily对应定位句中的Not everyone。故答案为K）。

I）—K）分析拥有超强记忆的原因，指出拥有超强记忆的人具有更强的幻想倾向和专注力。

L) The people with HSAM I’ve interviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing. On the plus side, it allows you to relive the most transformative and enriching experiences. Veiseh, for instance, travelled a lot in his youth. In his spare time, he visited the local art galleries, and the paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories.

L) （42）我所采访的拥有“超级自传体记忆”者肯定都会赞同这种能力福祸相依。好的方面是它可以使人重温最改变人生、最丰富的经历。比如维瑟，他年轻的时候去了很多地方，空闲时间就去参观当地美术馆，而那些画作现在深深扎根于他的自传体记忆中。

42. HSAM can be both a curse and a blessing.

42.【定位】由题干中的HSAM和blessing定位到文章L）段第一句。 L）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提出了文章主题：“超级自传体记忆”是福也是祸。下文分别举例解释福和祸的具体内容。题干中的both a curse and a blessing 是对定位句中的 a mixed blessing 的同义转述，意为“祸福相依”，故答案为L）。

M) “Imagine being able to remember every painting, on every wall, in every gallery space, between nearly 40 countries,” he says. “That’s a big education in art by itself.” With this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.

M）“想象一下能够记起近40个国家的每一个美术馆中每一面墙上的每一幅画，”他说。“这本身就是宏大的艺术教育。”凭借着对艺术史的渊博学识，他因此成了一名专业画家。

N) Donohue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: “I can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school. I could imagine what the teacher was saying or what it looked like in the book. ”

N）唐纳休现在是一名历史教师，她同意“超级自传体记忆”对她教育的特定方面有帮助：“我能淸楚记得某些天在学校学到的东西。我能想象老师在说什么，以及书本上看起来是什么样。”

O) Not everyone with HSAM has experienced these benefits，however. Viewing the past in high definition can make it very difficult to get over pain and regret. “It can be very hard to forget embarrassing moments,” says Donohue. “You feel the same emotions—it is just as raw, just as fresh... You can’t turn off that stream of memories, no matter how hard you try. ” Veiseh agrees: “It is like having these open wounds—they are just a part of you,” he says.

O）（44）但不是每个拥有“超级自传体记忆”的人都能体会这些好处。对过去记得太淸楚就会很难从痛苦和遗憾中解脱出来。“很难忘记那些尴尬的瞬间，”唐纳休说，“你会体会那些一样鲜活的情绪……无论多么努力去尝试，你都无法关掉回忆的闸门。”维瑟同意地说道：“就像带着永远无法愈合的伤口——它们已经成为你的一部分。”

44. Some people with HSAM find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories. 44.【定位】由题干中的HSAM和find it very hard定位到文章O）段第一、二句。

O）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，不是每一个拥有“超级自传体记忆”的人都能体会这些好处。对过去记得太淸楚就会很难从痛苦和遗憾中解脱出来。题干中的 get rid of 和 unpleasant memories 分别对应定位句中的get over和pain and regret.。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为O）。

P) This means they often have to make a special effort to lay the past to rest. Bill, for instance, often gets painful “flashbacks”, in which unwanted memories intrude into his consciousness, but overall he has chosen to see it as the best way of avoiding repeating the same mistakes. “Some people are absorbed in the past but not open to new memories, but that’s not the case for me. I look forward to each day and experiencing something new. ”

P）（40）这意味着他们常常不得不付出格外的努力来放下过去的回忆。例如：比尔就常常遭遇痛苦的“闪回”，不想要的冋忆入侵他的意识，不过总体上他选择视其为避免犯同样错误的最佳方法。“有些人沉浸于过去而不愿意开启新的记忆，但我不会这样，我期盼每一天，期盼体验新鲜事物。”

40. People with HSAM often have to make efforts to avoid focusing on the past. 40.【定位】由题干中的have to make efforts和the past定位到文章P）段笫一句。

P）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，这意味着他们常常不得不付出格外的努力来放下过去的回忆。根据上下文可知，原文中的they指的就是题干中的 People with HSAM。题干中的 avoid focusing on the past 是对定位句中的 lay the past to rest 的同义转述，故答案为P）。

L）—P）段论述拥有超强记忆的能力福祸相依，并举例说明。