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分词在高考英语写作中的运用
彭飞娥
在英语写作中如能灵活使用分词来整合信息，可以使语言表达更简练。本文将结合高考真题，分析分词在基础写作中的运用。
一、分词作定语
分词短语作定语，通常放在所修饰名词的后面，即作后置定语。分词和被修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，是主谓关系时用现在分词，是动宾关系时用过去分词。作定语的分词短语可以转换成由who, whom, that, which等关系代词引导的定语从句。
[例1] However, the percentage of the boys choosing “grate figures” is the same as that of the girls. 然而，选择“伟人”(作偶像)的男生的比例与女生的比例相同。(2007年广东高考)
解析：被修饰的名词the boys与现在分词choosing在逻辑上是主谓关系，即boys是动作choosing的执行者。分词短语可转换成主动语态的定语从句: However, the percentage of the boys who choose “grate figures” is the same as that of the girls. [例2]A book entitled Battle Hymn of The Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010. 由Amy Chua著的《虎妈战歌》一书于2010年出版。 (2011年广东高考)
解析：过去分词entitled(加标题于)与它所修饰的名词the book在逻辑上动宾关系，即the book与titled有被动关系。故可转换成被动语态的定语从句：A book which was entitled Battle Hymn of The Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010.
二、分词作状语
分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等，常放于句首，可转化为由when, because, if等引导的状语从句；表示方式、让步时可以前置也可后置，转化为由as if, though等引导的状语从句；表示伴随、结果时通常放在句末，可转化为由and连接的并列句。
[例3] According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. 据王教授说，我国中小学近视率略高于百分之五十，(此数字)在世界排名第一。 (2009年广东高考)
解析：根据分词出现在句末，且有逗号隔开，可知句中的分词短语作状语。分词ranking 与句子的主语more than half of the school children in our country在逻辑上是主谓关系。故可转化为由and 连接的并列句或由which引导的非限制性定语从句，起补充说明的作用：According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted and it ranks the first in the world /, which ranks the first in the world. [例4]Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. 射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪才发展成为一项体育运动。(2008年广东高考)
解析：主语shooting 与过去分词originated (发明create or start sth) 在逻辑上是被动关系。故可转化为由which引导的非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用：Shooting, which was originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.
即时练习
请运用分词翻译下列句子。
1. 在地球村开设了二十多个展馆，代表美国、英国等不同国家。(2012年深圳一模) 2. 该调查表明中学生的健康状况在逐年下降，肥胖人数增多。(2012年佛山二模) 3. 我们已决定这个周末去一个名叫凤凰山的地方外出郊游。(2012年汕头二模) 4. 我们呼吁少一点家庭作业，使学生有更多睡眠和锻炼的时间。(2011年六校联考) 5. 传统的中国节日，如中秋节和春节已被确定为法定节假日，为人们提供更多和家人、
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朋友一起旅游的机会。(2012年惠州二调)
6. 茂名数字科技馆(MMDSTM)坐落于茂名市图书馆一楼，总占地1000平方米。(2012年茂名二模)
7. 1911年12月11日出生于浙江杭州一个富裕之家，钱学森少时天资聪明，被称为“神童”。 (2011年肇庆二模)
参考译文
1. In the Village were built over 20 exhibition halls representing different countries such as US and UK. 2. The survey shows that the general health of middle school students is declining year by year, with more people having the problem of overweight. 3. We have decided to go for an outing to a place called Fenghuang Mountain this weekend. 4. We call for less homework, thus leaving students more time to sleep and take exercise. 5. The traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Mid-autumn festival and the Spring Festival, are set as official holidays, providing people with more chances to travel with their family and friends. 6. Located on the 1st floor of Maoming Library, MMDSTM occupies a total area of 1,000 square meters.
7. Born into a wealthy family on December 11, 1911, Zhejiang Province, Qian Xueshen was so clever that he was regarded as a “super talented” boy in his childhood.
(本文选自《广东教育·高中》2013年第3期)
(作者单位：阳春市实验中学)
责任编校 蒋小青
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