2021版高考英语(人教版)一轮复习课后达标检测：必修5 2 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Word版含答案

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Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·湖北武汉调研)In American countryside, the message we hear is this: Go and get an education. Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.

After graduating from a high school in Helena, Arkansas, I did go. I went to Colby College in Maine. I had visited the school ahead of

time, so I knew what I was getting myself into. I knew about the difference in weather. I understood the difference in social atmosphere. But I wanted to stretch myself and get out of my comfort zone. And you know what? I absolutely loved my time there. But one thing took me by surprise—the lack of countryside representation. Most of the other students at Colby were from big cities: New York, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco...And when I had conversations with these students—in or outside of class—we almost always focused on topics facing large American cities. In my education classes, it was always “urban this” and “urban that”．

It was like small town America didn’t exist.

And this urban interest doesn’t just happen in college. I went to an education conference a couple of years ago, and a professor—someone who had been at the forefront of educational reform—was there to deliver a keynote. I was chosen to be part of a small group that got to meet with him. So there we were, five or six of us sitting in a room, and I asked him, “What are your thoughts on the state of education in the countryside？” And this man was speechless.

I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten. This trend of exporting talent and resources to our big cities—this mindset of leaving small towns and never coming back—I don’t want to add to that movement. I want to reverse that movement.

Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.

【解题导语】 本文作者通过自己的大学生活经历以及在一次教育会议上与一位教授进行交流的故事说明了美国的乡村正在逐渐被人遗忘的现象，作者也由此决定要帮助乡村中的年轻人。

1．What do people in American countryside think of the future of the youth at home? A．Secure. C．Promising.

B．Fragile. D．Bright.

B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.”可知，在美国的乡村，年轻人的就业前景并不稳定，成功和机会都在别处。故选B项。

2．What did the author find in his college classroom? A．Students chatted freely. B．Countryside was ignored. C．He was looked down upon. D．Students concentrated on education.

B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“And when I had conversations with these students...it was always ‘urban this’ and ‘urban that’．”和第四段“It was like small town America didn’t exist.”可知，作者在他的大学课堂中发现大家总是探讨与城市相关的问题，就好像乡村在美国不存在一样。也就是说，乡村被人们忽视了。故选B项。

3．How would the author feel about the professor’s reaction? A．It’s emotional. C．It’s positive.

B．It’s natural. D．It’s disappointing.

D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.”可知，作者在教授对于自己提出的有关乡村的问题无言以对时，意识到像自己家乡那样的乡村被人们遗忘了。由此可推知，作者对此感到失望。故选D项。

4．What is the author doing now? A．Teaching in a college. B．Fighting for the movement. C．Working with the professor. D．Devoting himself to his hometown.

D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After graduating from a high school in Helena”可知，作者的家乡在海伦娜，再根据最后一段“Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.”可知，作者现在在家乡教书，帮助家乡中的年轻人，为家乡做贡献。故选D项。

B

(2020·成都诊断)Can you trust your very first childhood memories? Maybe not, a new study suggests.

Past studies show that people’s earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3.5 years of age. But in a recent survey of more than 6，600 people, British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. “These first memories are likely false，” the researchers said. This was particularly the case for middle-aged and older adults.

For the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.

As many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. “Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad，” the researchers explained.

“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood，” study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release. “Additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. Such memory-like mental representations come, over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are ‘memories’ which particularly point to babyhood.”

“Importantly, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional，” study co-author Martin Conway said. “In fact, when people are told that their memories are false, they often don’t believe it.”

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人最早的记忆一般始于三岁到三岁半。在调查了六千多名调查对象之后，研究人员声称那些两岁时或更早的记忆是有误的。

5．What can we learn from the recent study? A．Memories form after the age of 3. B．Participants are good at telling stories. C．Adults are likely to form false memories. D．Earliest memories may play a trick on us.

D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“‘These first memories are likely false，’

the researchers said.”可知，研究人员认为，这些人所认为的最初的记忆可能是错误的，并结合第四段、第五段分析的错误的最早记忆形成的原因可知D项正确。

6．Which source did the researchers require for the earliest memories? A．A direct experience. C．A family photo.

B．A family story. D．A sad feeling.

A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、第三句“Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences.”可知，参与者被告知，他们必须确定记忆就是发生过的事；除了亲身经历，那件事不能基于一张照片、一个家庭故事或任何其他来源。故A项正确。

7．What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar? A．They are repeated mental representations. B．They are a collection of early experiences. C．They are a combination of both facts and fictions. D．They are further details of remembered experiences.

C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，尽管这些回忆中许多发生在两岁之前，但是研究表明这些记忆不是基于事实，而是基于婴儿或儿童时期的照片或家庭故事；结合第五段中Kantar所说的话可知，Kantar认为人们所认为的最早的记忆结合了事实和虚构的成分，故C项正确。

8．Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from? A．Society. C．Technology.

B．Psychology. D．Health.

B 解析：文章出处题。根据第五段中的“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood”可知，虚构的最早的记忆是一种心理现象；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于最早记忆的研究，此项研究与心理学有关；据此可知，本文很可能摘自报纸的心理学版块，故B项正确。

【难句分析】 Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have