基于PLC的五层电梯控制系统设计 - 图文

Design of Five-storey Elevator Control System Based on PLC

Abstract：With the development of modern cities, an increasing number of high-rise building, elevator become an indispensable means of transport of daily life. But,the elevator most controls by the relay domestically and complex wiring，more node in the wiring，the high failure rate，the system structure is large，high energy consumption，mechanical movement noise and seriously affect the quality of elevator running.With the developing of the PLC，it constantly improves the performance，so it has very much help to the elevator.By the PLC,these modules achieve the functions：fingering out the location of the cabin，registering the instructions from the cabin and the station hall．choosing the direction and the station of elevator follow these instructions，operating elevator and door automatically，and other functions.The system has advanced, reliable and economic characteristics. The elevator control system has the drivers to run the operation and no drivers or manual and automatic functions, and has means layer, called the Office of the election story, election to the functions. Key words:Elevator, PLC, Control

目 录

1 绪 论 ............................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题的背景及意义 .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 电梯的发展现状........................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 电梯继电器控制系统的特点及存在问题 ................................................................................ 1

1.3.1 电梯继电器控制系统的优势 ........................................................................................ 1 1.3.2 电梯继电器控制系统存在的缺点 ................................................................................ 1 1.4 PLC控制电梯的优势 ................................................................................................................. 1 2 可编程逻辑控制与电梯 ...................................................................................................................... 3

2.1可编程逻辑控制......................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 PLC的定义 ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 PLC的发展趋势 ............................................................................................................. 3 2.1.3 PLC与继电器控制系统比较 ......................................................................................... 3 2.2 电梯 ........................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.1 电梯的定义 .................................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 电梯的分类 .................................................................................................................... 4 2.2.3 电梯的结构及组成部件 ................................................................................................ 4 2.2.4 电梯技术发展情况 ........................................................................................................ 4

3 总体设计 ............................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 PLC的选择 ................................................................................................................................ 5 3.2硬件系统 .................................................................................................................................... 5

3.2.1 硬件开发........................................................................................................................ 5 3.2.2 五层电梯控制的主电路 ................................................................................................ 6 3.2.3门机电路、抱闸电路、门锁及安全运行电路 ............................................................. 7 3.2.4 输入输出设计 ................................................................................................................ 8 3.2.5 设计流程图 .................................................................................................................... 9 3.3系统软件开发........................................................................................................................... 11

3.3.1 电梯的自检状态 .......................................................................................................... 11 3.3.2电梯的正常工作状态 ................................................................................................... 11 3.3.3电梯开关门控制 ........................................................................................................... 11 3.3.4层楼信号产生与消除 ................................................................................................... 13 3.3.5内选指令的登记与消除 ............................................................................................... 14 3.3.6外呼信号的登记与消除 ............................................................................................... 16 3.3.7电梯的上、下行定向 ................................................................................................... 18

4 电梯模拟调试及安装........................................................................................................................ 20

4.1 电梯模拟调试及安装 .............................................................................................................. 20 4.2程序的编写 .............................................................................................................................. 20 4.3程序的编译及调试 ................................................................................................................... 21 4.4电梯模拟调试........................................................................................................................... 21 参考文献: ............................................................................................................................................... 22 致谢 ......................................................................................................................................................... 23

1 绪 论

1.1 课题的背景及意义

电梯是各种高层建筑不可缺少的垂直方向的交通工具。随着社会的发展，建筑物规模越来越大，楼层越来越多，对电梯的各种静态和动态特性的功能提出了更高的要求。

电梯是一种升降机，运用在各个领域，不仅要考虑其的性能问题，还要考虑可靠性、舒适感和美学等问题。而对现代电梯而言，都是比较安全的。事实上，在电梯上已经采用了多项安全保护措施。在设计电梯的时候，对各种元件的要求都采取了很大的安全系数和保险系数。目前，由PLC和微机组成的电梯运行逻辑控制系统，发展非常迅速。采用PLC控制的电梯可靠性高、维护方便、开发周期短，这种电梯运行更加可靠，并具有很大的灵活性，可以完成更为复杂的控制任务，己成为电梯控制的发展方向。

1.2 电梯的发展现状

在最近的十几年来，我国的电梯得到质的变化。许多生产厂家不仅完善了设计的样本和电梯的美观，而且与时俱进用新的技术代替旧的技术。由以前的继电器控制电梯系统到现在的用PLC控制电梯系统，对安全、可靠等的性能要求越来越高。数字化的控制越来越密切。近年来，电机的变频调速的技术从直流到交流的发展，也是带动了电梯的发展，变到现在由PLC控制技术交流变频调速技术的相结合。

1.3 电梯继电器控制系统的特点及存在问题

1.3.1 电梯继电器控制系统的优势

线路简单，各种功能都是由硬件控制，检查比较方便，不需要高科技的设备，组成的元器件比较便宜

1.3.2 电梯继电器控制系统存在的缺点

接线麻烦复杂，容易出现故障，使用的电气元件较多，造成的噪音比较大，出现故障时检查比较费时，而且发生故障的频率比较高，造成人们的恐惧和不便。

1.4 PLC控制电梯的优势

采用PLC的软件功能实现对电梯的控制，可靠性高；与以往比较起来，不需要非

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常多的电器元件，例如继电器的数量；电梯的各种功能的实现只需要PLC的控制，可以通过PLC检查故障发生的地方，不需要人为的频繁控制而产生更高的危险，对于方案的修改，只要修改PLC即可，这个系统抗扰性较强，其智能化控制的功能较强，调试的时间短等等。

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