人教版新目标2013版九年级英语笔记

(三).用法：

1.影响或结果持续到现在

(1). 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。 eg. The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）

Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了（结果：窗户仍破着）

(2). 区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在 have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了 have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中

①I have been in Dalian for 5 years. 我已经在大连呆了5年了。 ② Where`s Jim?---- He has gone to Guiling.

③I have been to the West lake, Look, I have taken many photos on it .

(3). 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，

ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，

just(刚刚、仅仅) ，before（以前）等连用。 这几个副词的用法如下：

already 和 yet:

I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。

注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例： Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？

yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例： Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？ —No，not yet．不，还没有。

The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．

ever 和 never

ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？ I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她说过话。

never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

I have never travelled by plane before．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

before

before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例： Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？

I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。

just

just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 He has just come back from school ．他刚从学校回来。

2.动作持续到现在：

(1).现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since

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表示一段时间的状语,或so far，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语联用。

①.I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = I've lived here since 13 years ago. = I've lived here for 13 years.

= It is 13 years since I began to live here.

②.I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。 = I haven't seen him since three years ago = I haven't seen him since 2000.

= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

③.Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ． 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 ④.She's been at this school since five years ago． 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

(2). 表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy,borrow等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用.

由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive →be here begin(start)电影、节目开始→be on上演 die →be dead borrow →keep leave →be away buy →have join →be in ①. 我买这辆自行车三年了。

误：I have bought this bike for three years． 正：I have had this bike for three years．

②.他到达这儿三天了：He has been here for three days.

③.电影已经开始十分钟了：The movie has been on ten minutes.

(3). 对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long: She's been at this school since five years ago． How long has she been at this school？ I've lived here for 13 years. How long have you lived here? (四)过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 \变为 \，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

chat shop fit plan hug 2 、不规则动词：

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AAA型

hurt hurt hurt let let let cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread

read read read 原形发音为/ri:d/, 过去式和过去分词发音为/red/

AAB型

beat beat beaten get got gotten

ABA型

become became become run ran run come came come ABB型

bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug

feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC型

begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote writte sink sank sunk rise rose risen

3a

一.come on过来/加油/快点···

课文原句：Come on!I promise it`ll be exciting!快来，我保证这个游乐项目一定很有趣。 二.在实意动词前加助动词，加强语气：

课文原句：I was scared at first, but shouting did help.开始我很害怕，但是大声叫出来的确很有帮助。

三.on the way to ···在去某地的路上。(关于way的短语)

课文原句：On the way to Water City Restaurant, Alice and He Wei by Uncle Bob`s.在去水城饭店的路上，爱丽丝和何伟经过了鲍勃的饭店。

拓展：

in the way阻碍，挡道：This table is too close to the door, it gets in the way. 这桌

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子放在门口太碍事了.

I'm afraid your car is in the way

by the way顺便说一下: By the way，have you seen Harry recently？顺便说一句，你最近见过哈里吗？

in this way通过这样的方式方法: In this way，he has collected many stamps。用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。

四.课文原句：Alice and He Wei walk up to a staff person at the door 爱丽丝和何伟走向门口的工作人员。 walk up to走向··· at the door在门口

五.start doing sth.开始做某事：课文原句：Let`s ask what time the band starts playing.让我们问问乐队什么时候开始演出。

Grammar Focus

英语中询问信息的礼貌用语: Excuse me, do you know··· Excuse me, I wonder ··· Can you tell me···

Could you please tell me··· Pardon me, do you know··· Would you mind telling me··· May I ask···

I`m sorry to trouble you,···

Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark

Section A

1b

一.for the first time第一次（见：第一单元2d第4点p2）

二.used to过去常常。

1.used to与be used to do以及be used to doing sth.的辨析(见：第二单元B部分2b第三点p18)

2.used to的句型转换：肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 附加疑问句 肯定句: He used to wear glasses.

否定句：He didn`t used to wear glasses.

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