历年四级阅读理解逐句翻译

Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. 通过重新设计店面布局，预先储存在售的货物，雇佣高校且经验丰富的收银员，以及让销售代表在现场回答问题，零售商可以摆脱那些投诉带来的难题。

Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. 更重要的是，对待那些恼羞成怒的顾客，销售人员应该表现得老练和有礼貌。

“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”

“那些能够及时做出反应并且态度友好的零售商比那些不那么友好的零售商更容易顺利解决矛盾。”斯蒂芬-霍克教授说，”也许一些诸如在商店门口安排一个招待员的简单方式会有所帮助。

Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world.

客户也可以通过直接向零售商提出投诉而不是向其他人抱怨的方式来改善未来的购物经历。 Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. 因为当零售商根本不知道他们做错了什么的时候，是很难去进行改善的。

历年四级阅读理解逐句翻译：2009年6月（1）

一、

The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.

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一月份的时装发布会题为“未来的时尚”，展示了绿色设计的到来指日可待。发布会是纽约的一家非营利性机构“地球誓言”组织的，它鼓励很多顶级设计师首次使用可持续发展的面料。 Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines. 有几位设计师从此发誓在其发产品中使用有机面料。

The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. 承诺绿色设计的设计师仍然要面对很多挑战。

Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.

斯科特-哈恩和格雷戈里合伙创建了罗根和路穆斯特公司，该公司使用全有机棉进行生产。哈恩认为高品质的可持续性材料仍然很难找到。

“Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says.

“大部分现有品牌的设计师发现，可以取代你正在使用和消费者已经习惯的面料的等同产品还不存在”他说。

For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress.

例如，有机棉和无机棉一旦编织成服装，实际上就很难区分了。

But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents. 但是某些流行的合成材料，例如弹力尼龙，几乎没有环保的替代品。 Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. 正在尝试改变的人们发现他们获得了更多的支持。

Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for

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young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. 去年，一个具有影响力的展销会“设计师与代理人”，不再向准备参加其将在洛杉矶和纽约举办的两次春季发布会的年轻绿色企业家收取参展费用，同时对那些至少有25%的作品采用可持续性材料的设计师给予了特别的重视。

It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. 现在，绿色设计师的数量已从两年前的不足12人增至超过50人。

This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.

本周，沃尔玛公司宣布了一项重大提议，目标是帮助种植棉花的农民进行有机种植：沃尔玛打算以更高的价位收购过度型的棉花，这将有助于旷达关键的可持续性材料的供应。”主流将发生变化。哈恩认为。

Some analysts (分析师) are less sure. 部分分析师并不如此肯定。

Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. 在消费者中，仅有18%的人意识到了环保时尚的存在，而4年前仅有6%. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. 从事时尚写作的娜塔莉-赫尔米娜就是一个还没转变观念的消费者的例子。 When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” 当被问起她有没有可耻性衣物时，她回答：“我不知道”.

Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.”

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就像大部分的消费者一样，她没有时间去购物，当他购物的时候，她寻找的是“不是太贵的可爱物件”

By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. 她承认自己还没有考虑到“绿色”。

But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be. 但在设计师，零售商和供应商的共同努力下，总有一天她会开始考虑的。

历年四级阅读理解逐句翻译：2009年6月（2）

二、

Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .

科学家们已经设计出了一种利用人的一缕头发头发估计其住处的方法，这种技术有助于追踪犯罪嫌疑人或者身份不明的谋杀受害者的动向。

The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.

该方法利用的是测量人们的头发中所显示的饮用水的化学成分差异。

“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.

“你就是你吃的喝的东西，在你的毛发中都有记录”犹他州地质学家托尔-瑟林说。 While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. 美国人的饮食比较类似，但是水源的供应差异较大。 The differences result from weather patterns.

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