江苏省2012高考英语一轮复习语法讲解：非谓语动词精品（学案）牛津译林版

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His hobby is collecting stamps.

2. 表心理状态的interesting, exciting, delighting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等形容词化分词作表语时，表示“令人……的”；interested, excited, delighted, disappointed, encouraged, pleased, puzzled, worried, surprised等表示“感到……”，也可用修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词作主语。 Travelling is interesting but tiring.

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.

3. 除be done外， get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词都可跟done。如remain seated/hidden, get paid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/burnt等。 What the workers have been told is that they get paid by the hour. 四、不定式、动名词和分词作定语

1. 不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。 We'd better find some work for the children to do.

He is the first one to help me with computer.(名词前有序数词或最高级时用不定式作定语) She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.(不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。) Your ability to analyze the problem really surprised us.

动词的－ing形式作定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态，还可表示被修饰词的某种用途。

He was an inspiring leader.

The boy lying on the ground was a student.

过去分词作定语表示已经完成的或表被动的动作。 He is an experienced teacher.

The book published in March sells well.

2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义不同。 Do you have anything to send?

你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”。) Do you have anything to be sent?

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你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗？(不是主语you寄，是别人寄)

3. 一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经……的”。 a fallen leaf落叶(已经落在地上)(a falling leaf 飘零的落叶，尚在空中) a developed country 发达国家(a developing country 发展中国家) a risen sun 升起的太阳(a rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳) boiled water 开水 (boiling water 沸水) a returned student 归国学生 a retired worker 退休工人 an advanced worker 先进工作者 a bent branch 弯曲的树枝 determined opposition 强烈的反对 a devoted soldier 忠诚的士兵

a well－informed professor 见多识广的教授 【疑难点击】

(1)The man who came this morning is our legal adviser.(√)

The man coming this morning is our legal adviser. (×不能用doing表达过去动作)

(2)Is there anyone who can answer this question? (√) Is there anyone answering this question? (× 用answering表达can answer的意思是错的) (3)Those who have finished their work can go home now.(√)

Those having finished their work can go home now. (×完成式不能作定语)

2. drink, learn, sink, light都有两种形式的过去分词，但作定语时，只能用拼写较长的过去分词。 a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司机 a learned lawyer 博学的律师 a sunken ship 沉船

a lighted candle 点着的蜡烛

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3. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon? 五、不定式和分词作状语

1．动词不定式作状语表示目的、结果、原因等。目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示，但so as to不能置于句首，only to do, so…as to do和such…as to do中的不定式均作结果状语。only to do表示出人意料的结果。 She did all she could to save him.

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. In order to pass the exam, he worked hard. He was so angry as to be unable to speak.

动词－ing形式一般式(doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生；完成式(having done)表示该动作先于谓语动作发生。 Hearing the news, they got excited.

Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.

过去分词和动词－ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且和句中主语构成逻辑上的主语或动宾关系，否则不能作状语。但独立成分，如Generally speaking, Judging from…等除外。

过去分词的一般形式(done)同动词的－ing形式的完成被动式(having been done)均与句中主谓构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。

Given(＝Having been given) a wrong number, I couldn't contact him over phone. Being blind, how could they see an elephant?

2. 不定式(to do sth.)作目的和结果状语时总是在谓语动词后发生，而分词一般式(doing sth.)作状语时总是与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生。

He worked deep into the night, preparing a speech for the president.(worked与preparing同时发生)

I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family.(got up先，prepare breakfast后) 【疑难点击】

1. too…to do表示肯定的情况

①当only too和 all too与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。

②too ready (anxious，eager, glad, willing)＋to do，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义。

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③never(not)＋too…to…句型为“不会太……所以能……”之意。 I'm only too pleased to help you. 我很高兴能帮助你。

They are all too enthusiastic to take part in the activity. 他们都很热心要去参加这项活动。 One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

She did not get up too late to catch the early bus. 她起得早，赶上了早班车。

2. devote，absorb，lose，seat，dress，hide等动词作状语和定语时可以用它们的－ed形式(devoted, absorbed，lost，seated，dressed，hidden)或－ing＋oneself(devoting/absorbing/losing/seating/dressing/hiding oneself)。 Seating himself/Seated/Sitting in the room, he is absorbed in reading. Have you noticed the student losing himself/lost in thought?

3. 有些to do 短语，doing短语和done 短语已经当作插入语使用，此时，句子的主语在逻辑上与它们不存在主动或被动关系：

①to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/ frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说) ②generally/frankly/roughly speaking (一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)，considering…(鉴于/考虑到……)，judging by/from…(从……来看，依据……来判断)，supposing that…(假定……)，providing that…(假定……)，according to…(依据……), including…(包括……)，owing to…(由于……)，talking/speaking of (谈及……)

③given…(考虑到……), provided that…(如果……)

Generally speaking，the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. 4. 独立主格结构：n./pron.＋doing/done/to do/adv./adj./prep.短语

前后主语不一致时，分词作状语需有自己的逻辑主语，且分词与逻辑主语之间存在着逻辑上的主动或被动关系，此时，视为独立主格结构。若把独立主格结构还原为状语从句，则主句的主语与从句的主语是不同的。 It being Sunday, we needn't go to school. → Because it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.

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