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teacher, nor does a teacher necessarily be more virtuous and talented than his student. The real fact is that one might have learned the doctrine earlier than the other, or might be a master in his own special field.
Pan, the son of Li’s family, who is only seventeen years old, loves to study Chinese classics of the Qin and Han dynasties, and masters the six jing and their annotations. He does not follow conventions and is willing to learn from me. I appreciate his ability to act in accordance with the old tradition of learning. Therefore I dedicate this piece to him.
IV比较分析与译法 (1)《师说》全文
3.1自然段落的划分
如王力所言(1985:393):“现代文章的书写格式,大致也是模仿西文的。”文章
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分段也是如此,因为古代汉语的篇章格式是不分段的,所以王力又主张:“(现代)文章除极短者外,必须分段。”古代汉语文章的现代选本基本上都添加了标点并进行了分段。就划分自然段落的目的而言,主要是为了使文章的眉目清楚,结构显豁。由于汉语典籍版本的差异,同一作者的文章出现在不同版本上时,可能会产生标点或分段的差异。就本单元的《师说》而言,所参考的4个版本也同样出现了标点和分段不一致的现象。这里不准备细细比较标点的差异,仅仅就分段而言:戴抗选本与罗经国选本的《师说》都被分为4个相同的自然段,但是断句以及标点符号不尽相同;《古文鉴赏辞典》上给出《师说》与外教社选本相同,都为7个自然段,但是断句以及标点符号也不尽相同。 当我们对这样一些没有分段或者分段不一致的典籍英译时候,译者常常会根据自己对原文的认知而有所变通。如译文1为7段,译文2为6段,译文3为5段。究其原因,是因为汉语自然段落的划分较为灵活,同英语相比,有更大的随意性。但是,
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不管怎么说,英语的段落有两个基本要求:(一)有较为明确的中心思想(Central Thought)或意群(Unit of Thought);(二)组成段落的句子之间须有恰当的连接。就3个译文的段落划分而言,我个人倾向于译文1。
(1) 古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道、
受业、解惑也。
译文1 Ancient scholars certainly had
teachers. A teacher is one who passes on the truth, imparts knowledge and solves difficult problems.
译文2 Since ancient times, to learn all men
must have teachers, who pass on the truth and dispel ignorance.
译文3 In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts.
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3.2不妥的合译
原文“传道”“授业”“解惑”为3个概念:“道”,指儒家学说;“业”,指学业、专业知识;“惑”,指疑难。译文1、3分别对应为3个概念:passes on the truth, imparts knowledge and solves puzzles和propagate the doctrine, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts;而译文2却对应为pass on the truth and dispel ignorance这样两个概念,其中将“授业、解惑”合译为一个dispel ignorance,----译文2的这种合译是不妥的,严重地影响了原文信息的传达。原文是一篇议论文,是针对当时的学者以从师为可耻而说的。文章中所谓的“师”,不是指在学校里教课的老师,而是指给社会上学业有成就的士人或学者做老师,或给做官的当老师。唐朝的时候,反对这样的老师,认为有人敢做这样的老师,是狂人。只有韩愈不管这种风气,不怕人家的耻笑,敢于做这样的老师。士人或学者在道与业方面有惑,就必须请老师来解惑。如果士人不从师学道或者在学道时有惑
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