SAT基础阅读讲义1 - 图文

SAMPLE 8: (OG-922-13) 主旨判断法-挖掘结构

背景： The following passages discuss the controversy that surrounded Napster, a service that allowed users to download recordings of music from the Internet at no cost. Both passages were written in 2000 by former songwriters.

P1首段： （首句）In 1950, when I was seventeen, Jerry Lieber and I had our first song recorded… （末句）Our songs were recorded by many great artists, including Ray Charles, …, … , … P1 第二段：（首句）But whatever the style and whoever the artist, there has been one constant: the songs that I have written have been my bread and butter….（末句）Each time a Napster user downloads a copy of a song that I have composed, I am deprived of the royalty that my work should have earned me. P1 第三段：（首句）Some say that …（末句）In fact, by taking the incentive out of songwriting, Napster may be pushing us closer to a time when there won’t be many songs left to swap.

SAMPLE 9: (OG-551-14) 主旨判断法-抽象共同点

I read a lot of books about mythology, and then about science: not the missiles and spaceships Brother preferred, but the birds and the bees-literally. I brought home a giant book of birds an searched the skies an trees for anything other than robins and pigeons. And I read about bees because I liked the idea that all of them listened to the queen and couldn’t go on without her. I went through a phase of loving books with practical science experiments and used up a whole bottle of white vinegar by pouring it on the sides of out apartment building to prove that it was constructed of limestone.

The primary purpose of the fourth paragraph (lines 41-51) is to

(A) contrast the books about mythology and science that the author had been reading

(B) discuss why the author enjoyed books that were a bout birds and bees

(C) characterize the author’s reading interests during a particular period of time” (D) distinguish between books preferred by the author and those preferred by her brother

(E) provide several examples of practical science experiments that the author conducted

SAMPLE10: (OG-91-12) 主旨判断法-记叙文中的议论或心理描写

背景：The following is adapted from a translation of a novel first published in 1894. The author of the novel was a Puerto Rican legislator.

首句：The thin crescent of the new moon was greeted by torrential rains. 末二段（心理描写）：Juan enjoyed rereading it all. His son had imagination and wit. He loved everything with childlike candor, but was simultaneously a thinker

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beginning the great journey along life’s rugged trail. Juan loved him infinitely, as though Gabriel were made of fragile Bohemian crystal. Thus passed the hours of that nostalgic day.

主旨题答案：The passage is primarily concerned with a father’s efforts to guide his son’s intellectual and emotional growth. SAMPLE 11: (0910-11) 主旨题练习

Some critics believe that the frequent use of repetition in Native American ceremonial texts was a result of their oral nature an helped make the works easy to remember. Native American scholar Paula Gunn Allen argue that this factor must be peripheral, however, because people in societies without writing traditionally have had more finely developed memories than do people who use writing. Native American children learned early to remember complicated instructions and long stories by heart. For a person who couldn’t run to a bookshelf to look up information, reliance on memory became very important in everyday life. Such a highly developed everyday memory is not likely to fail on ceremonial occasions.

11. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) refute a claim (B) describe a process (C) analyze a discovery (D) advocate a practice (E) reveal a problem

SAMPLE 13: (OG-538-9) 结构把握法：同指

P1: The second World War was a watershed event for all Americans.… Chinese American women played an important role in these long-term changes.

P2: Galvanized by…, Chinese American women initiated an outpouring of… Which best characterizes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph

(A) The first paragraph relates an anecdote that illustrates a generalization made in the second paragraph

(B) The first paragraph presents acclaim that is supported in the second paragraph.

(C) The paragraphs offer different explanations for the same phenomenon.

(D) The second paragraph digresses from the topic discussed in the first paragraph.

(E) The second paragraph challenges the validity of the argument made in the first paragraph.

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SAMPLE 14: 结构把握法：方向词

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problems, formulating options, likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.

According to the passage, the classical models of decision analysis includes all of the following EXECEPT to

(A) evaluation of a problem = assess-> evaluation

(B) creation of possible solutions to a problem = formulating options

(C) establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decision = clarifying goals (D)action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem ? (E) comparison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problem SAMPLE 15: 结构把握法：方向词

Faced with this situation, many historians based their investigations on the only records that seemed to exist: birth, marriage, and death records. As a result, much of the early work on the nonelite was aridly statistical in nature. SAMPLE 16: (OG-592-22) 结构题解答

Bats have always figured as frightening or supernatural creatures in the mythology, religion and superstition of peoples everywhere. Finnish peasants once believed that… Ancient Egyptians prized… Perhaps the most mystical, ghoulish, and intimate relationship between bats and humans occurred among the Maya… Zotzilaha Chamalcan, … , had … His image appears… One especially frightening engraving shows… A number of other Central American cultures raised… But it was Bram Stoker’s riveting novel Dracula that… If vampires were semihuman… The author develops the third paragraph (line43-66) by presenting (A) different sides of a single issue (B) details that culminate in truth

(C) a thesis followed by specific illustrations

(D) a common argument followed by a refutation (E) a common opinion and the reasons it is held SAMPLE 17: (0901-34-19) 结构题解答

上段：That is where vanity comes in. One wants to leave one’s mark on the world. Like…, like… I want to… I copy… I try to… But instead of…, I change… I alter… line 45: All art, of course, is full of deception.

下文：Nature, too, and human behavior, but more of that later. Remember the story of Zeuxis? No? Then I’ll tell you….

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The statement in line 45 (“All arts… deception”) signals a shift from (A) a discussion about a vocation to a discussion about private life (B) a description of a person to a description of a community

(C) an analysis of a deception to a rumination on that deception’s consequences (D) an account of a particular individual’s action to an explanatory anecdote (E) a historical consideration of a trade to a mythical tale of the trade’s origins SAMPLE 18: 方向词专项练习：分类

Reports on an organization’s projects may fill several major functions at the same time. A report can be used to educate and gain support from key people and groups, to facilitate and inform decision- making about current and future projects, and to provide documentation for the organization’s records SAMPLE 19: 方向词专项练习：举例

Translation is a daunting task at best. Each language has its own peculiarities that are difficult, if not impossible, to convey effectively in another tongue. English is especially rife with such oddies. Even efforts to use computers have failed due to the difficulty of choosing from among so many definitions of a given word. SAMPLE 20: 方向词专项练习：下定义

(OG522-14)In most people’s minds, yawning- that slow, exaggerated mouth opening with the long, deep inhalation of air, followed by a briefer exhalation- is the most obvious sign of sleepiness. SAMPLE 21: 方向词专项练习：因果

Because the report contained much more information than the reviewers needed to see, the author was asked to submit a compendium instead. SAMPLE 22: 方向词专项练习：比较

(G94-2) Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that \with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.\

SAMPLE 23: 方向词专项练习：对比

Canon and Islamic law, were dominated by the dualism of religion and state,

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