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山西重点中学协作体高二下学期英语暑假作业1
一、单项选择题
1、---The heat and humidity are record-breaking. ---Yeah！The heat wave is unbearable. ________.
A. Drink water and avoid summer heat. B. So what C. we‘d better keep warm D. Not at all 2、The sun is so violent. One could _______eggs on the sidewalk.
A. cook B. spoil C. make D. fry
3、The sixth planet was ten times larger than the last one. It_______ by an old gentleman who wrote voluminous books.
A. has inhabited B. had inhabited C. was inhabited D. inhabited
4、\volcanoes. Two volcanoes are active and the other is________. But one never knows.\A. dead B. exist C. appear D. extinct
5、_______the little prince did not dare confess was that he was sorry most of all to leave this planet, because it was blest every day with 1440 sunsets!
A.Which B. What C. However D. Where
6、_______international team of scientists has just sequenced a protein crystal located in the midgut of cockroaches.
A. The B. That C. An D. / 二、阅读理解
7、听音频，阅读下面文章，完成练习。
Loss of biodiversity affects human society
If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels considered safe for the wellbeing of human societies.
The issue is that everything is interconnected and ecosystems support our societies because they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels.
If species go on disappearing, this can interfere with vital processes such as crop pollinationand the decomposition of waste.
A framework which defines the environmental limits within which humans can operate – calledplanetary boundaries - says that losing more than 10% of the biodiversity in an area places the local ecosystem at risk. Ecosystems are all different but this percentage is considered a good measure of safety.
A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world's land surfacealready falls below this level. These areas house 71% of the global population.
Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, is one of the authors of the study. He says: \everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a markedly higher risk that things will go badly wrong.\
The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by
biodiversity loss on average.
Purvis hopes this report can be a wake-up call to those who design policies. Here's his warning: \Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions, but an ecologicalrecession could have even worse consequences – and the biodiversity damage we've had means we're at risk of that happening. Until and unless we can bring biodiversity back up, we're playing ecological roulette.\（from BBC learning English） 测验与练习
1. 听本课音频MP3，阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Why is the existence of many species of animals and plants important for humans?
2. True or false? If 10% of the species in any ecosystem disappear, everything will go badly wrong there.
3. How much of the Earth's land cover houses almost three-quarters of the world's population?
4. What idea does Professor Purvis want to convey when using the expression 'ecological roulette'?
5. Which noun is often used to refer to a period in which trade and industrial activity are reduced?
2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。 1. The more species you have in a particular area, the greater is its __________. pollination biodiversity framework savannas
2. Birds and starfish live in different __________.
biodiversity boundaries ecosystems societies
3. If tropical forests are not preserved, many species of animals might end up __________.
interconnected safe playing ecological roulette extinct 4. An ecosystem is everything that exists in a particular __________. society environment biodiversity ecology
5. It's necessary to avoid further loss of biodiversity or the __________ will be devastating. boundaries consequences environment land surface
3.英汉互译：请你补充空缺处部分。 species ______________
___________ 消失的，灭绝的 biodiversity ______________
interconnected （两个或多个事物）互相联系的 ecosystem _______________ __________________ 影响 pollination 植物授粉 decomposition 分解
framework _________________
planetary boundaries 地球界限（概念） _________________ 大地表面
Natural History Museum 自然历史博物馆 grassland ____________ savanna 稀树草原 shrub land 灌木丛林 decision-maker 决策者
____________________ 生物衰退 ecological roulette 生态轮盘赌
8、阅读下面两则新闻，回答问题。
【1】The International Olympic Committee has said it will explore all legal options before it decides whether to implement a collective ban on all Russian athletes from competing at the Rio games: they start in just three weeks. The IOC has received a damning report into widespread state-sponsored doping in Russian sport, particularly at the Winter Games in Sochi.
【2】Scientists say that last month was the warmest June on record. It's part of a trend that's seen temperatures for the first six months of 2016 rise by an average of 1.5 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels. An international climate pact signed last year was intended to stop the world warming up by such a margin.
请从以下词汇中选择适当的答案来完成句子。注意：你可能需要改变单词的时态来完成句子。 damning / trend
1. The price of gold in London rocketed yesterday in line with the global _________.
2. Johnny's teacher wrote a _________ report about his behaviour in class. The teenager was suspended from school for a whole month.
答案
一、单选 1-6ADCDBC 二、阅读
7、1. 阅读课文并回答问题。
1. Why is the existence of many species of animals and plants important for humans?
Because many species take part in natural processes which guarantee that ecosystems work well and keep giving us food, fibres and fuel.
2. True or false? If 10% of the species in any ecosystem disappear, everything will go badly wrong there.
False. Ecosystems are different and this percentage is just a reference set up by scientists. And things don't go wrong immediately, according to Professor Andy Purvis.
3. How much of the Earth's land cover houses almost three-quarters of the world's population? About 71% of the global population live in 58% of the world's land cover.
4. What idea does Professor Purvis want to convey when using the expression 'ecological roulette'? Professor Purvis wants to convey the idea that human societies take a great risk in a deadly game.
5. Which noun is often used to refer to a period in which trade and industrial activity are reduced? Recession.
2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处 。 1. The more species you have in a particular area, the greater is its biodiversity. 2. Birds and starfish live in different ecosystems.
3. If tropical forests are not preserved, many species of animals might end up extinct. 4. An ecosystem is everything that exists in a particular environment.
5. It's necessary to avoid further loss of biodiversity or the consequences will be devastating. 3、英汉互译
species （动植物的）种，物种 extinct 消失的，灭绝的 biodiversity 生物多样性
interconnected （两个或多个事物）互相联系的 ecosystem 生态系统 interfere 影响
pollination 植物授粉 decomposition 分解 framework 框架，体系
planetary boundaries 地球界限（概念） land surface 大地表面
Natural History Museum 自然历史博物馆 grassland 草原，草场 savanna 稀树草原 shrub land 灌木丛林 decision-maker 决策者
ecological recession 生物衰退
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