2019高考化学复习必备：高中化学方程式合集

2Na2S3+2===2Na2S4(Na2S3在空气中易变质) Na2S3+SNa2S23

Na2S+l2==2Nal+S↓(在水溶液中)S2-+l2=2l-+S↓ 3、与碱性物质的作用：

a(H)2+uS4==u(H)2↓+aS4↓(波尔多液) gl2+2NH3??H2===g(H)2↓+2NH4l g2++2NH3??H2=g(H)2↓+2NH4+ All3+3NH3??H2===Al(H)3↓+3NH4l Al3++3NH3??H2=Al(H)2↓+3NH4+ Fel3+3NH3??H2===Fe(H)3↓+3NH4l Fe3++3NH3??H2=Fe(H)3↓+3NH4+ uS4+2NH3??H2(不足)==u(H)2↓+(NH4)2S4 u2++2NH3??H2=u(H)2↓+2NH4+ u(H)2+4NH3??H2=u(NH3)4(H)2+4H2

u(H)2+4NH3??H2=[u(NH3)4]2++2H-+4H2铜氨溶液 uS4+4NH3??H2(足)==u(NH3)4S4+4H2总方程式 u2++4NH3??H2=[u(NH3)4]2++4H2铜氨溶液 AgN3+NH3??H2==AgH↓+NH4N32AgH=Ag2(灰黑色)+H2 Ag2+4NH3??H2=2[Ag(NH3)2]++2H-+3H2银氨溶液 AgN3+2NH3??H2==Ag(NH3)2N3+2H2 Ag++2NH3??H2=[Ag(NH3)2]++2H2总方程式 ZnS4+2NH3??H2(不足)==Zn(H)2↓+(NH4)2S4

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Zn2++2NH3??H2=Zn(H)2↓+2NH4+ Zn(H)2+4NH3??H2=Zn(NH3)4(H)2+4H2 ZnS4+4NH3??H2(足)==Zn(NH3)4S4+4H2 Zn2++4NH3??H2=[Zn(NH3)4]2++4H2总方程式

4、与酸性物质的作用：强酸制弱酸，或不挥发性酸制挥发性酸 Na3P4+2Hl===Na2HP4+2NalP43-+2H+=H2P4- Na2HP4+Hl===NaH2P4+NalHP42-+H+=H2P4- NaH2P4+Hl===H3P4+NalH2P4-+H+=H3P4 Na23+Hl===NaH3+Nal32-+H+=H3- NaH3+Hl===Nal+H2+2↑H3-+H+=2↑+H2

3Na23+2All3+3H2==2Al(H)3↓+32↑+6Nal(物质之间的双水解反应)

332-+2Al3++3H2=2Al(H)3↓+32↑

3Na23+2Fel3+3H2===2Fe(H)3↓+32+6Nal(物质之间的双水解反应)

332-+2Fe3++3H2=2Fe(H)3↓+32↑

3NaH3+All3===Al(H)3↓+32↑(物质之间的双水解反应) 3H3-+Al3+=2Al(H)3↓+32↑

3NaH3+Fel3===Fe(H)3↓+32↑(物质之间的双水解反应) 3H3-+Fe3+=2Fe(H)3↓+32↑

3Na2S+Al2(S4)3+6H2===2Al(H)3↓+3H2S↑(物质之间的双水解反应)

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3S2-+2Al3++3H2=2Al(H)3↓+3H2S↑

3NaAl2+All3+6H2==4Al(H)3↓+3Nal(物质之间的双水解反应) 3Al2-+Al3++6H2=4Al(H)3↓

3NaAl2+Fel3+6H2==3Al(H)3↓+Fe(H)3↓+3Nal 3Al2-+Fe3++6H2=3Al(H)3↓+Fe(H)3↓ NaAl2+NH4l+2H2==Al(H)3↓+NH3??H2+Nal Al2-+NH4++2H2=Al(H)3↓+NH3??H2 Na23+H2+2===2NaH3 32-+H2+2=2H3-

Na23+H2+2S2==2NaHS3+2↑(1:2) 32-+H2+2S2=2HS3-+2↑

2Na23(足)+H2+S2==Na2S3+2NaH3(2中的S2不能用Na23洗气) 232-+H2+S2=S32-+2H3-(2:1) Na23+S2==Na2S3+2(1:1) 32-+S2=S32-+2

NaH3+S2===NaHS3+2(2中的S2可能用NaH3洗气) 2H3-+S2=2HS3-+2 2NaH3+S2==Na2S3+22+H2 2H3-+S2=S32-+22+H2

Na2Si3+2Hl===H2Si3↓+Nal或Na2Si3+2Hl+H2===H4Si4↓+2Nal Si32-+2H+=H2Si3↓或Si32-+2H++H2=H4Si4↓ Na2Si3+2+2H2===H2Si3↓+Na23

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Si32-+2+2H2=H4Si4↓+32- 5、盐与盐复分解反应

Na2S4+Bal2==BaS4↓+2Nal(沉淀不溶于盐酸、硝酸) S32-+Ba2+=BaS4↓

Na2S3+Bal2==BaS3↓+2Nal(沉淀溶于盐酸,在硝酸中生成新的沉淀,沉淀不消失) S32-+Ba2+=BaS3↓

Na23+Bal2==Ba3↓+2Nal(沉淀溶于盐酸、沉淀消失) 32-+Ba2+=Ba3↓

Na23+al2==a3↓+2Nal(NaH3不反应) 32-+a2+=a3↓

AgN3+Nal==Agl↓+NaN3Ag++l-=Agl↓ AgN3+NaBr==AgBr↓+NaN3Ag++Br-=AgBr↓ AgN3+I==Agl↓+N3Ag++I-=AgI↓

3AgN3+Na3P4==Ag3P4↓+3NaN33Ag++P43-=Ag3P4↓ uS4+Na2S==uS↓+Na2S4u2++S2-=uS↓ Fel3+3SN==Fe(SN)3+3l

Fe3++3SN-=Fe(SN)3(血红色，用于Fe3+的特性检验) 6、不稳定性:

Na2S23+H2S4===Na2S4+S↓+S2↑+H2 S232-+2H+=S↓+S2↑+H2 NH4lNH3↑+Hl↑

2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作 –独家原创

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