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习。We talked to each other.我们互相交谈。The students borrowed each other’s notes.学生们互借笔记。【注意】each other可加-’s构成所有格each other’s。 8.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early.但是我太累了,所以早早就睡着了。 【重点注释】so…that…“如此……以至于……;太……以致……”,引导结果状语从句,其中so是副词,常常用来修饰形容词或副词;so后跟形容词或副词,that后跟从句(句子)。常用句型有两种:(1)主语+谓语+so+形容词或副词+that从句。例如:He is so young that he can’t look after himself.他是如此年轻,以至于他不能照看自己。He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.他非常生气,以至于一句话也说不出来。The boy ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.男孩跑得如此快,以至于我追不上他。I was so tired that I went to bed as soon as I ate the supper.我太累了,以致我一吃完晚饭就去睡觉了。She is so beautiful that many people like her.她太漂亮了以致很多人喜欢她。The coffee is so hot that I can't drink now.咖啡太热了以致于我现在不能喝。The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.男人太强壮了以致他可以抬起这个重箱子。He was so clever that he can understand what I siad.他太聪明了以致他可以理解我讲了什么。The box is so light that he can carry it.箱子太轻了以致他能背起它。(2)主语+谓语+so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。例如:She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much.她做的饭菜那么好吃,结果我们都吃得太多了。It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.展览是那么好,结果我去看了好几次。It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.昨天天气很好,我们都出去野餐了。
【试题链接】The soccer match was exciting that everyone was cheering
and jumping.
A.very B.so C.too D.to
(句意为“这场足球赛是如此令人兴奋,以至于每个人都在欢呼跳跃”。“如此……以致……”用“so…that…”来表示。答案:B)
【试题链接】Zhou Libo is Shanghai’s favourite funny man.He is good at making people laugh.His lively shows were hot that tickets sold out in minutes.
A.very B.too C.such D.so
(句中的句型为so…that…,意为“如此……以至于……”,so用来修饰形容词或副词,such也构成这一巨型,但such用来修饰名词。答案:D) 9.The next morning,my sister and I got a terrible surprise.第二天早上,我和我的姐姐大吃一惊。
【重点注释】①辨析:the next morning与next morning “第二天早上”,是以过去或将来We started the next morning. the next morning 某一时间为起点的第二天早上 第二天早上,我们出发了。 “明天早上”,是以现在为起点的We will visit him next morning.next morning 第二天早上 我们明天早上会去看望他。 ②get a surprise意为“吃惊”,其中surprise为可数名词,意为“惊奇;惊讶”,表示“令人吃惊的事物”。例如:And that is a surprise.这是一个惊喜地发现。My father will give me a surprise on my birthday.我父亲会在我生日那天给我一份惊喜。I got a surprise when I saw the ball.一看账单我吃了一惊。 【拓展记忆】1)surprise还可作不可数名词,意为“惊奇,吃惊”,表示“惊讶”,常用短语为:get a surprise吃惊,in surprise吃惊地,to one’s surprise令(使)某人吃惊的是(one’s需用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格)。例如:The students
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looked at the teacher in surprise.学生们惊奇地看着老师。She jumped up in surprise.她惊讶地跳了起来。To my surprise,he didn’t pass the exam.使我吃惊的是,他考试没及格。To my surprise,you speak English so well.令我惊讶的是,你英语讲得这么好。To the teacher’s surprise,he can sing the ABC song.使老师惊奇的是,他会唱字母歌。To my parents’ surprise,I was back home early。是我父母惊奇的是,我早回家了。2)surprise可作及物动词,意为“使吃惊,使惊奇”,surprise sb.使某人吃惊。例如:The news surprised Mike.那则新闻使迈克很吃惊。The news surprised me.这消息使我感到惊奇。
【辨析记忆】surprise,surprised与surprising 名词 惊奇,惊讶 Bill looked at him in surprise. surprise 动词 使……感到吃惊 The news surprised us. We are surprised at the surprising news.我们surprised 形容词 感到惊讶的,形容人 surprising 形容词 令人惊奇的,形容事物 对这则惊人的新闻感到惊讶。 【试题链接】We looked at each other surprise when we heard a bird singing“Happy birthday to you”.
A.in B.to C.by D.at
(句意为“当我们听到一只鸟在唱‘祝你生日快乐’时,我们互相惊讶地看了看”。in surprise意为“惊讶地,惊奇地”。答案:A)
10.When we looked out of our tent,we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.当我们向我们的帐篷外看时,我们看见一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。 【重点注释】①look out of意为“朝/向……外看”,out of为动态介词,表示“从……里面向外”,反义词是into,意思是“进入,到……里”。例如:Don’t look out of the window.别向窗外看。Please don’t look out of the window in class.上课期间请不要向窗外看。I’m looking into the house.我正往房子里看。She came into the house.她走进了房间。【拓展】look out意为“当心;小心”。例如:Look out!Here comes the car.小心!小汽车来了。
②see sb.doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”,表示看到动作正在发生,强调动作的连续性,进行性;see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做某事了”,表示看见某人做某事的全过程,强调动作的完整性,真实性。例如:I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作) I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实) I saw her playing basketball on the playground.我看见她正在操场上打篮球。I saw him go into the shop.我看见他走进了商店。
【拓展记忆】像see这样的感官动词还有hear,watch,feel等,他们都可以跟doing或do(省to的动词不定式)作宾语补足语。
【试题链接】I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home.
A.plays B.playing C.to play D.played
(句意:我在回家的路上,看到李明正在河附近玩。“看见某人正在做某事”用see sb.doing sth.表示。答案:B)
11.I was so scared that I couldn’t move.我是那么害怕,一动都不敢动。 【重点注释】①scared为形容词,意为“惊慌的;吓坏了的”,相当于afraid。scared是由动词scare变化而来的,指某物或人使你感到“恐惧的,害怕的”,主语是感受到恐惧的这个人。常用短语:be scared of害怕……,be seared to do sth.害怕做某事。例如:Why are you so scared?你为什么如此害怕?I was too scared to move.
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我吓得动弹不得。He was scared of snakes.他害怕蛇。The little girl is scared to cross the road.这个小女孩害怕过马路。 【辨析记忆】scared,scare与scary scared 形容词 惊慌的,吓坏了的 I felt scared because of the big dog. scare 动词 使恐惧 The terrible movie scared me. scary 形容词 吓人的 The movie is really scary. ②move此处作不及物动词,意为“移动”,后接地点名词作宾语时,需带介词to,表示“搬到……”。Don’t move,or you’ll be in danger!不要动,否则你会有危险。We’re moving to Shanghai.我们要搬到上海去。My family moved to Beijing two years ago.两年前,我们全家搬到了北京。 【拓展记忆】move还可用作及物动词,意为“移动;搬动”。例如:Move the chair to the room,please.请把椅子移到房间里。
12.We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger.我们对父母大声叫喊,想(以便)让他们知道我们的危险(险情)。 【重点注释】①shout to意为“呼喊;喊叫”。 例如:We shouted to the driver,but she didn’t hear us.我们大声向司机喊,但她没听见。(参见Unit 12 Section A课文全析【重点注释】15)
【辨析记忆】shout to与shout at 一般指因距离过远而不得不大声It’s too noisy here.You should shout to him.shout to 这儿太吵了,你应该大点声跟他说。 叫喊让别人听见,无感情因素 多指因为生气、愤怒或其他原因Don’t shout at me.别对我大吼大叫。 shout at 等而对某人大喊大叫 ②let sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,其中let为使役动词,其后需接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。其否定形式可表示为let sb.not do sth.或don’t let sb.do sth.,意为“不让某人做某事”。例如:Let him mome here at once.让他立刻到这儿来。Let him not come in.别让他进来。His parents don’t let him watch TV.他家长不让他看电视。
【拓展记忆】在let,make,have等使役动词后面应跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:What makes you think I’m a farmer?什么使你觉得我是一个农民?I will have my brother repair the radio for you.我会让哥哥给你修理收音机。
【试题链接】China plans to let tourists the Xisha Islands in the South
China Sea this year.
A.visit B.visits C.visiting D.visited
(句意:中国今年计划让游客们参观在南海的西沙群岛。Let sb.do sth.表示“让某人做某事”。答案:A)
13.My dad started to jump up and down in their tent.我爸爸开始在他们的帐篷内上下跳跃。
【重点注释】①start此处作及物动词,意为“开始;着手”,作“开始”讲时相当于bigin。start表示开始某一动作时,后面跟动词不定式或动名词所表达的意思基本相同,start to do/doing sth.因为“开始干某事”。例如:The child started to cry/crying.那个小孩开始哭了。The birds started to sing/singing at sunrise.鸟儿在黎明时开始歌唱。
【拓展记忆】start的其他用法:1)start可作不及物动词,意为“动身;出发”,例如:We started at six.我们是六点出发的。He started for American last week.他上
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周动身去美国了。2)start with意为“以……开始;从……开始”。例如:Our lesson started with an English song.我们的课是以一首英文歌曲开始的。Let’s start with the first line.我们从第一行开始吧。
②jump此处作不及物动词,意为“跳跃”。它还可作及物动词。例如:She jumped when she heard the news.她听到那条消息时跳了起来。The fox jumped over the wall and ran away.狐狸跳过墙跑了。The naughty boy jumped down the wall and got hurt.那个淘气的男孩跳下墙,受伤了。The thief jumped onto the train and ran away.小偷跳上火车,逃跑了。
【拓展记忆】1)jump的常见短语:jump into跳入,jump off跳离,jump over跳过,jump out of跳出。2)jump还可作可数名词,意为“跳”,high jump跳高,long jump跳远。 ③up and down意为“上上下下;到处;上下地”,在句中作状语,jump up and down意为“跳上跳下”。例如:He jumped up and down.他跳上跳下。He walked up and down in the room.他在房间里踱来踱去。He uses a lift to go up and down.他用电梯上上下下。
14.This woke the snake up and it moved into the forest near the lake.这样弄醒了蛇(这把蛇吵醒了)并且蛇移进了湖附近的森林里。 【重点注释】此处woke是wake的过去式。wake及物动词,意为“弄醒,唤醒”。wake sb. up意为“把某人弄醒;吵醒某人;叫醒某人”,up是副词;wake up醒来,不跟宾语,单独用。wake sb. up的重点用法:当wake up的宾语是代词时,代词必须放在wake up的中间;当宾语是名词时,可放在wake up的中间或wake up的后面。例如:I can’t wake him up.我没法叫醒他。Lily is sleeping.Don’t wake her up.莉莉在睡觉。别吵醒她。Don’t wake Mary up.She is sleeping.不要把玛丽吵醒。她在睡觉。Please wake up Lucy at six o’clock.请在六点钟叫醒露西。【拓展】wake还可作不及物动词,意为“醒,醒来”。例如:The baby woke all the night.那个婴儿一夜都醒着。I woke early this morning.我今天早上醒得很早。Wake up!It’s eight o’clock.醒醒吧!已经八点钟了。
15.What an interesting job they have!他们有一份多么有趣的工作啊!
【重点注释】本句是what引导的感叹句。what引导的感叹句有下列三种句式:⑴What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如:What a useful book it is!它是一本多么有用的书啊!⑵What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!例如:What beautiful mountains they are!多么美丽的山啊!⑶What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如:What fine weather it is!多好的天气! 【拓展记忆】how引导的感叹句结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How clever the dog is!这条狗多聪明呀!How fast he runs!他跑得多快呀! 【巧记感叹句】感叹句,表情感,what/how放句前。
名词词组用what,how后形副紧相连。
【试题链接】 great picture!Who painted it?.
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
(picture“图画”为可数名词单数,应用“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!”。答案:D)
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