高考英语语法复习：特殊句式导学案(省略句、感叹句和祈使句等)

特殊句式导学案（祈使句、感叹句、省略句等）

考点三 省略句 1．状语从句中的省略

在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，状语从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。

All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都追溯到20世纪50 年代。

2．动词不定式的省略

在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。

The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。 3．so/not构成替代省略

英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在I'm afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe等开头的答句中。

—Do you think it will rain？——你认为会下雨吗？ —I hope so/not.——我希望下/不下。 4．常用的if相关的省略结构 if ever if busy if anything if possible if so if not if necessary

考点四 感叹句

1．What (＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ What beautiful flowers they are！多么美丽的花啊！ 2．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ How clever a boy he is！＝What a clever boy he is! 多聪明的男孩呀！

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如果曾经发生过的话 如果忙的话 如果有什么不同 如果可能的话 如果这样的话 如果不的话 如果必要的话

3．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ How high the mountain is！这山真高呀！

考点五 祈使句

祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形；否定词一律在动词前加don't。祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do。

Do be careful while you are crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。

Don't get close to that river.不要靠近那条河。

考点六 反意疑问句

反意疑问句由“陈述句＋反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。

1．陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句

(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用needn't; 当为mustn't (不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问词用must。

You must go now, needn't you？你现在必须走，不是吗？ You mustn't smoke here, must you? 你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？

(2)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词所表示的时间来确定。

You must have watched the football match last night, didn't you？你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？

2．陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usedn't或didn't均可。 You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you? 你过去常常踢足球，是吗？

3．陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。 He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he? 他应该参加会议，不是吗？

4．陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句

(1)当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。

He could hardly get up, could he? 他几乎起不来了，不是吗？

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(2)陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。

Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she? 玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？

(3)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。 He said that she would come here on time, didn't he? 他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？

[特别注意] 当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。

I don't think he will attend the meeting on time, will he? 我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？

考点七 there be 句型

1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我们国家就发生了巨大的变化。

There must be a mistake somewhere. 某个地方一定出错了。

2．there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替换。

There seems to be an announcement about the project. 关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有一个人路过。 3．there be结构的常用句式

There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. There is no doubt about .../that ... There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.

做某事没有意义。 毫无疑问……

(某人)没有必要做某事。

There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.

(做)某事(没)有困难/麻烦。

There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ...

(做)某事(没)有可能性。

This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，但是毫无疑问，我们使用记

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忆力的方式正在发生变化。

语法填空解题“2步骤”

1．注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。 2．根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。 (1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数； (2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。

1．The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party, ____________ did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.

2．Absurd ____________ it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.

3．On the top of the hill ____________ (stand) a temple where the old man once lived. 4．But the fighting scenes alone don't explain the movie's success — it's also the patriotism (爱国主义) and spirit of the film projects ____________ have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.

5. The police were seeking more information to find out who it was ____________ killed the rich merchant.

6．—Who should be responsible for the action?

—The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as ____________ (tell). 7．When ____________ (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.

8．We don't believe that the news is true, ____________ (be) it? 短文改错解题“1关注”

“1关注”就是指关注各特殊句式的特点：

(1)强调句型由“It is/was ... that/who”构成，删掉后不影响句子的完整； (2)倒装句分部分倒装和完全倒装； (3)省略句常考状语从句与不定式中的省略； (4)感叹句需注意其两个感叹词“how”与“what”； (5)there be句型中应重点关注主谓一致性。

1．I try not to show the passers-by what scared I really am, but it's not possible. ___________________ 2．How a wonderful time I'll have during the winter holiday！____________________ 3．It is one's inner beauty matters.___________________

4．Only then I start to appreciate the importance of developing a good habit. ________________

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