谢孟媛 - 初级英文文法 - 讲义！全！！

—In half an hour. 半小时后。 选择填空。

1.— ____B___ did the meeting last? —About half an hour.

A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How much

2.— ___A____ will Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge be finished? —In a few months.

A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far

3.— ____B____ will it take you to get to the post office?

—About half an hour.

A.How old B.How long C.How soon D.How often

4.— ____D_____ do you write to your mother? —Once a month.

A. How many times B. What time is it C. How soon D. How often

5.— ____A___ a year does your school have sports meetings? —Twice a year.

A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times

祈使句

表\希望、请求、命令\的句子，称为祈使句。

一般祈使句→原形动词~

否定祈使句→Don't(Never)+原形动词~ 邀请祈使句→Let's+原形动词~

例：1. Be quiet, please. (请安静。) please be quiet! Please和名字不可以同时摆在祈使句的后面

2. Please stop talking and listen to me. (请不要讲话听我说。) = Will you please stop talking and listen to me?

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Will you please表示一种请求

3. Don't drink（后面没有名词的情况下就表示是喝酒） before you drive. (开车前勿喝酒。) 4. Never make the same mistake [m?'ste?k] again. (别再犯同样的错误。) 5. Let's go for a walk. (咱们去散步吧。) Yes, let's. / No, let's not. (好的。) / (不，不要。)

比较：Let's play outside. [a?t'sa?d; 'a?tsa?d] (咱们一起去外面玩吧！)

Let us play outside. (拜托你让我们去外面玩。)

感叹句

表\惊讶、惊喜、感动、难过\等意思，并带有赞叹或感叹意味的句子，为感叹句。 句型：What +a (an)+形容词+名词+ (主词+动词)！

How+形容词(副词)+ (主词+动词)！

例：l. What [w?t] a beautiful dress (this is)! (这件洋装好美啊！) Whot a ugly ['?gl?] boy!好丑的男孩

= How beautiful this dress is!

2. How interesting this novel is! (这本小说好有趣啊！)Whot an interesting novel ['n?v(?)l] this is! 3. How fast (adv)he runs! (他跑的好快呀！)一般动词配副词 Be 动词配形容词 4. What a day! 多棒(坏)的一天呀！

感叹句中，有时会将形容词省略，听者必须依照说话者谈话的内容或表情来判断其涵义。

比较：直述句：You are a very good girl. (你是很棒的女孩。)

祈使句：Be a very good girl. (当个乖女孩。)

感叹句：What a good girl you are! (你真是一位很棒的女孩！)

谢孟媛初级英文文法 2

Unit 1 比较

1. 比较变化 2. 形容词的比较级 3. 形容词的最高级 4. 副词的比较级、最高级 Unit 2 不定词 Unit 3 动名词 Unit 4

不定词 (to V)

动名词

分词

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分词 Unit 5 形容词 Unit 6 副词 Unit 7 动词 Unit 1

比较 动词 副词 形容词

比较变化

为了表示性质、程度等差异，形容词在字形上所做的变化，称为比较。比较分为原级、比较级、最高级。 (1)规则变化 变化 级 1. 原级+er, est 2. 原级字尾有e+r, st 3. 原级为短元音+辅音→重复字尾+er, est 4. 原级字尾为辅音+y→去y+ier, iest 5. 两音节以上的形容词→more, most+原级

short nice hot easy beautiful shorter nicer hotter easier more beautiful shortest nicest hottest easiest most beautiful 原级 比较级 最高级 (2)不规则变化 原级 bad (坏的) ill (生病) good (好的) well (健康) many (指可数的) much (指不可数的) little (少的) far (远的) 比较级 worse[w??s] worst[w?:st] 最高级 better['bet?] best[best] more[m??] less[les] most[m??st] least[li?st] farther['fɑ?e?] farthest['fɑ?e?st] (表距离) further['f??e?] furthest ['f??e?st] (表程度，数量，距离)常用 later['le?t?] latter['l?t?] older['??ld?] latest ['le?t?st] (表时间)时间最晚也可以解释成最新的 last[lɑ?st] (表顺序) oldest ['??ld?st] (表年纪；新旧) 30

late (晚的；迟的) old (老的；旧的)

elder['eld?] eldest['eld?st] (表长幼) 例：l. He was happy in （指生活时用in）his later life. (他晚年很快乐。)

2. As for (就什么而言)French and German, the latter （表顺序）is more difficult for me than the former['f??m?].

(就法文和德文而言，我觉得后者比前者难。)

形容词的比较级

(1) 比较级… than[e?n; e(?)n]…

例：1. Your article['ɑ?t?k(?)l] is longer than mine. (你的文章比我长。)

2. Mary is more beautiful than she/her. (口语) (玛丽比她漂亮。)

(2) the+比较级…of the two… both parents twins

例：1. Kevin is the older of the two boys. (Kevin是两位男孩中年纪较大的。)

2. Jack is the more active of the twins. (Jack是这对双胞胎中较活跃的。)

(3) 修饰比较级

much, a lot, far（表程度的副词或词组）+比较级→?得多了 even+比较级→?更加 a little+比较→?一点

例：1. He is much busier than I(me). (他比我忙碌得多了。)

2. This is a little cheaper than that. (这个比那个便宜一点。) 3. The price of the blue pants is far higher than that of the green pants. (蓝裤子的价格比绿裤子的价格高得多。)

昂贵: expensive 遇到价格的时候不能用昂贵这个单词，at high /low price 翻译成以很高的价格或者很低的价格eg:I sold my car at high price我以很高的价格卖掉我的车

4. The weather in Kaohsiung is far hotter than that in Taipei. =The weather is far hotter in Kaohsiung than in Taipei. (高雄的天气比台北的天气更加炎热。)

注意：比较时，若主题相同或语意上清楚明白时，than以下部分可省略。

例：They live a more pleasant life than (they did) before. (他们现在比以前过着更愉快的生活。) Live……..life 意思是过什么样的生活

(4) 比较级…to…（介词）

junior ['d?u?n??] (年幼的)、senior ['si?n??; 'si?nj?] (年长的)、major['me?d??] (大的)、minor ['ma?n?] (小的)等形容词，本身就有比较级的含义，在表示比较的对象时，不用than而用to。

例：She is two years older than I / me.

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