新课标外研社版高中英语必修三教材知识点详解(Module4 Sandstorms in Asia)

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Introduction

1.It lasted for ten hours and was very frightening.

它（这场沙尘暴）持续了十个小时，令人特别恐惧。

（1）last vi. 继续；持续；维持。例如：

Our summer holidays last a long time every year.

我们的假期每年有很长一段时间。

The hot weather lasted until the end of September.

炎热的天气一直持续到九月底。

（2）frightening adj. 令人恐惧的， 引起突然惊恐的。例如：

a frightening experience 思维拓展 一次可怕的经历 frighten vt. 吓唬，使惊惧。例如： The news is quite frightening. He was frightened of the fierce

dog. 这消息引起人们的恐惧。

2.The wind blew the sand high around the houses，and some cars 他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。 were almost completely buried by the sand. 思维拓展

强劲的风吹得房子周围的沙尘四处飞扬，有些小汽车几乎被沙尘所埋blow away 刮走 没。 blow down 刮倒

blow vt.& vi. 吹，吹动，刮。例如： blow over 刮倒，吹倒 The winds blow across the sea，pushing little waves into bigger and blow off 吹掉 bigger ones. blow out 吹灭

The child blew the candles out 风吹过海面，把小的波浪推向前进，变成越来越大的波浪。

The wind has blown my hat off. before he cut the cake into pieces. 风把我的帽子刮走了。 这个小孩在切蛋糕之前先把蜡烛blow [C] 打，打击，奇袭，猛攻。例如： 吹灭了。

give sb. a blow on the head给某人头上一击

3.Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass. 思维拓展

人们肆意砍伐树木和破坏草皮也是导致土壤沙漠化的原因之一。 cut in 插嘴 cut down 砍倒；缩减；降价。例如： cut off 切断 The apple tree was dead and he cut it down. cut up 切碎 那棵苹果树枯死了，所以他把它砍掉。 cut though 剪断 We can’t cut down our expenses any more.

我们不能再削减费用了。

I managed to cut the shopkeeper down to $100 for the watch.

我跟店主杀价，终于把这手表降到100美元。

dig up掘出；挖出；发掘；捐出。 例如：

He has dug up some vegetables. 思维拓展 他挖出了一些蔬菜。 dig 挖，掘，挖洞，刨。 Can you dig up any money? He is digging in his garden. 你能凑点钱吗？ 他正在花园里挖地。 We shall have to dig under the river to lay the sewage pipe. 为了铺设污水管道，我们必须在

教材优化全析

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4.If you are in a desert，what is the first sign of a sandstorm? 假若你正在沙漠中，沙尘暴要来临的最初迹象是什么？

sign [C] 记号，符号，姿势；告示，标语；牌子；迹象；征兆。例如： He made a sign for me to follow him. 他向我示意跟着他（走）。

The sign by the road said“No Parking”. 路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。

There are no signs of life about the house. 这房子没有住人的迹象。

Reading and vocabulary

1.Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.

几个世纪以来，沙尘暴一直是很多亚洲国家的主要的灾难。 major adj. 较大的；较多的；主要的；主修的。例如：

One of the major aims of the air raid was the complete demolition of all means of communications by bombing.

这次空袭的一个主要目的，就是通过轰炸彻底摧毁敌人的通讯设施。 a major city主要城市

majoring in mathematics 主修数学

2.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.

通常情况下，它们（沙尘暴）密集得遮天蔽日，并且有时候强烈的风足以把沙丘推向前进。

so... that...如此??以至于??（引导结果状语从句）。例如： He got up so early that he was the first to get to school. 他起床很早，结果第一个到达学校。

The problem was so difficult that none of us worked it out. 这道题很难，我们中没有一人能解出来。 3.Ren Jianbo，from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.

来自于内蒙古的任建波描述了他小时候在沙漠中经历的一次可怕的沙尘暴。

本句话中he experienced是定语从句，修饰前面的sandstorm。as a child是时间状语，相当于as he was a child。

4.“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience，” he said.

他说：“那次被围困在沙尘暴中的经历真是令人太可怕了。”

此处“To have been caught in the sandstorm”为不定式的完成形式作主语。“be caught in”在此的意思是“被困在雨（风、雪??）中”。例如：

He was caught in the storm last week and caught a cold. 他上星期被雨淋了，患了感冒。

Charlie Chaplin and his friends were caught in a snowstorm. 查理·卓别林和他的朋友被暴风雪围困了。

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河床下面开一条通道。 思维拓展

sign vt. & vi. 在??签字，签名，打招呼，做手势。例如：

Both sides have signed the contract!

双方已经在合同上签字。 He signed me to be quiet. 他做手势要我安静。 sign in 签到

sign out签名离去

思维拓展

minor较小的，次要的 majority 多数，大半

minority 少数，少数民族

senior年长的，地位较高的，高级的

junior年少的，下级的，后进的

思维拓展

so that 引导目的状语从句时，一般不分开写，后面常跟有情态动词。例如：

We started early so that we could arrive there before dark.

为了在天黑以前赶到那儿，我们很早就出发了。

思维拓展

1.He sang songs as he was taking a bath.

2.As she grew older，she became more pessimistic.

思维拓展

be caught doing...做某事时被当场抓住。例如：

The thief was caught stealing money from the shop.

那个小偷从商店里偷钱时被当场抓住。

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5.It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in.

当时情景非常可怕，这是我经历过的最危险的情形。

situation n. 位置，场所，地位，形势，局势， 局面，情况，处境。 例如：

The house has a fine situation. 这所房子的地点很好。

The situation was complicated. 形势非常复杂。

How do you analyze the present political situation? 您怎样分析当前的政治局势？

6.You just had to hope you’d survive. 你仅希望自己能大难不死。

survive vt. & vi. 活下来， 幸存， 保存下来，经历??后依然活着， 经受得住。例如：

Few survived after the flood. 洪水过后，幸存者极少。

The man was very ill，but he survived. 这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来。

Only one baby survived the terrible car crash. 在那次可怕的撞车事故中只有一个婴儿生还。 survive 比??活得长。例如：

She survived her husband by five years. 她比她丈夫多活了五年。

7.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of desertification.

由于沙漠化，近年来中国的沙尘暴好像增加了。

appear to have done结构中，不定式完成式表示的动作是一个更早的动作，它发生在主要动词所表示的动作之前。不定式的完成形式经常与appear，seem，happen，pretend等动词连用。例如：

I happened to have driven that kind of car before.

相当于：It happened that I had driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我过去曾开过那种汽车。 He pretended to have read the book.

相当于：He pretended that he had read it. 他假装曾经读过那本书。

8.This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

这一进程是由于气候变化以及人们肆意砍伐森林和破坏草皮从而导致土地沙漠化的情况下发生的。

process[C] 进程，处理（方法），步骤，过程，作用，工序，方法。 例如：

the process of breathing 呼吸作用

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思维拓展

save the situation 挽回局势

practical situation 实际情况

economic situation 经济形势

the situation from home and abroad

国内外形势

思维拓展

survival n. 幸存，残存，幸存者。例如：

the survival of the fittest适者生存 以-al结尾的名词还有： refusal 拒绝 proposal 建议 approval 认可 criminal 犯罪分子 rival 竞争者 arrival 到达者

思维拓展

注意比较不定式的一般式与完成式之间的差别：

He seems to be a great athlete.=It seems that he is a great athlete. He seems to have been a great athlete.=It seems that he was a great athlete.

思维拓展

process vt. 加工（食品等），冲洗，处理。 例如：

One has to process a photographic film to print pictures from it.

必须先处理照相底片才能冲印出相片。

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the process of learning to read 学习阅读的步骤

the process of digestion 消化过程

The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.

公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。

9.Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick，brown-yellow dust.

人们醒来注意到橘红色的天空，强劲的风沙给整座城市笼罩上一层厚厚的棕黄色的灰尘。

wake up to认识到，意识到，发觉。例如：

He didn’t wake up to the importance of study until he joined in the work. 直到参加了工作他才意识到学习的重要性。

We must wake up to the fact that this kind of animal is in danger of dying out.

我们必须意识到这一事实，那就是这种动物正面临灭绝的危险。 10.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

沙尘暴有时候持续一整天，密集的沙尘使得能见度很低，因此来往的车辆行驶得很慢。

这里make后面跟复合宾语，it 是形式宾语，difficult作补语，to see 是真正的宾语。其结构为：make it+adj.+ to do...。例如：

The heavy rain made it impossible for us to get there on time. 这场大雨使得我们不可能按时赶到那儿。

His explanation made it easy for us to understand the text. 他的解释使得我们对课文的理解变得容易起来。

11.The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing，but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.

现在中国中央气象台已经能提前几个星期在沙尘暴到达北京前作出预报，但沙尘暴的强度有时还是出乎人们的预料。

forecast vt. 预测，预报，估计。例如：

The recent statement of the president forecast a change in the situation. 总统最近的一次讲话预示着形势将有所变化。

The newspaper forecast that the Democrats would be totally beaten in the general election came true.

报纸预测民主党人在这次大选中将被彻底击败，结果变成了事实。 forecast 预示，作为提前的预兆。例如： Price increases that forecast inflation. 物价上涨预示着通货膨胀。

12.To prevent it coming nearer，the government is planting trees. 为了阻止沙漠向北京逼近，政府一直在植树。 to keep from happening

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The plans are now being processed. 计划现正在审查。 procession行列

processor 资料处理机

全析提示

wake up 醒来，把某人叫醒。例如：

Please wake me up at 6：30 tomorrow morning.

明天早晨六点半请把我叫醒。

全析提示

make it + n. + to do...，也是类似结构。例如：

He makes it a rule never to cast his net more than three times a day. 他养成了习惯每天撒网不超过四次。

I feel it an honor to be invited to speak here.

应邀在这儿讲话我感到很荣幸。 思维拓展

weather forecast 天气预报

climatic forecast 气候展望

wave forecast海浪预报 traffic forecast

通信量预报，运输预测 short-term forecast 短期预测 river forecast 河流水情预报

sales forecast销售预测

思维拓展

阻止??做某事