高中英语语法精讲

简单句的构成

五种类型

1、S+Vi The sun rises in the east. The fire happened at night. 2、S+Vt+O I love you. He can speak English.

3、S+Vt+OI+OD Our teacher told us a story. My parents bought me a bike yesterday.

4、S+系动词+P The food is very delicious. My sister is beautiful. 5、S+Vt+O+O.C I find him a kind man. Keep the children quiet, please.

从句的构成

体验：宾语从句

定义：作句子宾语的从句。

a. I know her. b. where does she live? I know where she lives.

一、 定语从句

The man is my father’s friend. The old man is my father’s friend. a. The man is my father’s friend. b. The man is standing under the tree.

The man who is standing under the tree is my father’s friend. I like the books which ____(be) interesting.

关系代词

1. who whom whose

先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who, 不可省略；在定语从句中作宾语，用who或whom, 可以省略。

Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. The man (who whom) you met just now is my friend.

Whose可以指人也可以指物，指物时whose+n 可用the+n+of+which或of+which+the+n来代替。

Mr. King, whose legs were hurt, was taken to the hospital.

I want to buy the coat whose color (the color of which/of which the color) is the lightest. 2. which

指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。

China is a country which has a long history.

The film (which) we saw yesterday was very interesting. 下列情况只能用which。 A. 非限制性定语从句 B. 关系代词前有介词

This is the room in which I lived when I was young. 3. that

既可以指人又可以指物。在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语和表语时可以省略。 The man (that/who/whom) you met at the airport is a famous actor. 下列情况只能用that.

A. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰。

The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.

B. 先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰。 This is the very good dictionary (that) I want to buy.

C. 先行词为all, much, little, none, few, one, everything, nothing, something,

anything等不定代词时。

We may agree to something (that ) we don’t agree with. D. 先行词中既有人又有物。

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? E. 作表语。

My hometown is no longer the place (that) it used to be.

F．当主句主语是which或who时。 Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? G. 主句是there be句型时。

There are two letters (that) I have to reply to. 4. as

当先行词被the same, as, such, so等修饰时。

He’ll repeat such points as are discussed in the book.. It is such a fine day that

many people go out for a walk. You can wait for me at the same place as we did.

It’s the same book as I bought yesterday. It’s the same book that I borrowed from Mr. Li.

这和我昨天买的书是一样的。 这就是我借的李先生的那本书。 There’s so warm a house as we want to live in. 5. 介词+关系代词

关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。 She is right person on whom to depend. This is the company in which I used to work.

Luckily, we had bought a road map without which we would have lost our way. 介词选择的依据：

A. 根据从句中的固定搭配而定

B. 根据先行词与从句中的动词关系而定。 C. 根据句意。 复杂介词：

as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。 关系副词

1. when

在从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的词。此时常可以由in which, on which, at which, during which等结构取代。 I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm. 2. where

在从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的词。此时常可以由in which,

on which, at which, to which等取代。

Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily. 3. why

在从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的词。可以用for which代替。 Is this the reason why/for which she refused our offer? 注意：

The place ( ) attracted a lot of tourists has been polluted seriously. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的辨析 1. 形式不同

非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词则无逗号。 This is the house which we bought last mouth. 这是我们上月买的那栋房子。 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这栋房子很漂亮，是我们上

月买的。

2. 功能不同

限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语，而非限制性定语从

句对先行词只起进一步补充说明作用，若把它去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。 The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister. Marry Smith, who is in the corner, wants to see you. 3. 含义不同

In the class there are ten students who speak English well. (暗指班上不只是十个

学生。)