步进电机驱动电源的软件设计论文

重庆理工大学毕业设计 三相步进电机驱动电源软件设计

摘要

本文主要是对步进电机的原理及其应用进行介绍，对步进电机的驱动方式分类说明，对驱动电源的软件部分做详细的设计。步进电动机在无位置传感器和速度传感器系统中可以实现精确开环控制,同时又具有价格低廉、易于控制、定位准确和计算机接口易于实现等优点,被广泛应用于机械、仪表、工业控制等领域。然而,步进电动机系统的性能和运行品质在很大程度上取决于驱动电源的结构与性能,性能良好的驱动电源可以在最大程度上改善步进电机系统的性能,减少振荡与失步的发生,在高频运行时能够提供足够的转矩。步进电机多数采用绕组电流控制方式,这种方法可以提高供电电压,在高频运行时具有较好的绕组电流波形,而且可保证在一定频率范围内电流恒定,提高步进电动机的高频特性。步进电动机控制脉冲的环形分配多采用软件实现,与传统的逻辑硬件电路的实现方法相比,其控制更灵活方便,而且易于进行升降速控制。本文在研究三相反应式步进电机工作原理和多种控制方法的基础上,通过proteus对恒流控制电路进行了仿真研究,给出了仿真结果。采用AT89C51单片机为主控制芯片设计了单片机控制系统,利用软件环分方法对步进电机进行控制,并采用恒电流脉宽调制方法对各绕组进行了恒流控制。

关键词：驱动电源;绕组电流控制;恒流控制;AT89C51

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重庆理工大学毕业设计 三相步进电机驱动电源软件设计

ABSTRACT

This article is mainly aimed to introduce the principle and application of stepping motor and present a classification declaration about the driven approach of it. Stepping motor is widely used in the fields of machine, meter, industrial control etc. on the grounds of that it can achieve accurate open-loop control in the no-location sensor and speed sensor system with some other advantages including low cost, easy control, precise location, simple computer interface etc. The performance and running character of stepping motor system, however, to a great extent, depend on the structure and performance of driving power. That is to say, a driving power with good performances could to the maximum extent improve the performance of stepping motor system, reduce the possibility of vibration and desynchronization and provide enough torque for it in high-frequency operation. Most of the stepping motors have utilized the Winding Current Control which can improve the power supply voltage, provide a good winding current waveform in high-frequency operation and guarantee constant current in a certain range of frequency so as to improve the high frequency characteristics of stepping motors. The annular distributions of the stepping motor steering impulse mostly adopt the software. Compared with the traditional logic hardware circuit, the software is more flexible and convenient to control and much easier to control the rising-falling speed. This article, based on the research on working principle and various of control methods of three-phrase reaction stepping motors, utilizes the proteus to perform a simulation study on the constant control current and presents the simulation results.

In the study, SCM of AT89C51 is used to design a SCM control system for the master control chip. The software ring sub method is adopted to control the stepping motors and constant current pulse width modulation method is applied to control the constant current on each winding.

Keywords：Drive power; Winding current control ; Constant current control; AT89C51

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重庆理工大学毕业设计 三相步进电机驱动电源软件设计

目录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. II

目录..................................................................................................................................................III

第一章 绪论 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 .................................................................................... 1 1.2 步进电机的发展趋势 ........................................................................................ 1 1.3驱动电源的发展及国内研制概况 ..................................................................... 3 1.3.1 电源功放级使用元件情况 .................................... 3 1.3.2 驱动电源电路结构的发展： .................................. 3 1.3.3 国外研制概况 .............................................. 4 1.3.4步进电机驱动软件发展状况................................... 5 1.4 课题主要研究内容 ............................................................................................ 5 第二章 系统原理及其驱动方式的比较 ............................................................... 7 2.1 步进电机的原理 ................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 三相单三拍通电方式........................................ 7 2.2步进电机驱动电源的基本要求及各种电路形式比较 ..................................... 9 第三章 整体框图及其模块设计.......................................................................... 14 3.1 系统总体框图 .................................................................................................. 14 3.2 模块说明 .......................................................................................................... 15 第四章 软件设计 ................................................................................................ 18 4.1 控制系统整体框图 .......................................................................................... 18 4.2 系统主程序 ...................................................................................................... 19 4.3键盘设计 ........................................................................................................... 21 4.4 LCD显示模块 ................................................. 22 4.4.1 LCD初始化函数定义主程序................................. 23 4.4.2 LCD判断忙子程序......................................... 23 4.4.3 LCD写指令代码子程序..................................... 24 4.4.4 LCD写数据代码子程序..................................... 24 4.4.5 LCD开显示子程序......................................... 24 4.6 定时器中断子程序设计 ......................................... 28 4.7 步进电机脉冲产生子程序 ....................................... 30 第五章 实验仿真 ................................................................................................ 32 5.1 KELL C51集成开发环境 .................................................................................. 32 5.2 PROTEUS仿真....................................................................................................... 33 总结 .................................................................................................................... 34

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重庆理工大学毕业设计 三相步进电机驱动电源软件设计

参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 35 致谢 .................................................................................................................... 37 附录 .................................................................................................................... 38 附录A 系统程序（C） ........................................................................................... 38

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