大学英语语法 第二十五讲 句式与修辞

She is either a painter or a musician . (正)她或是一位画家, 或是一位音乐家。 He saw both the thief and reported it to the police . (误)

He both saw the thief and reported it to the police . (正)他看见了那个小偷, 并报 告了警察。

He is not only well-known in China but also in many other countries . (误) He is well-known not only in China but also in many other countries . (正)他不仅 在中国有名, 而且在许多别的国家知名度也很高。 .. 考察下面的句子: The early A

settlers on the prairie B built C

homes quickly , simply, and were cheap D

.

大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 851 二、连贯性 (D 项有问题) Harry longed for A an B increase in C

salary and to get D

a longer vacation . (D 项有问题)

二、连贯性

连贯性的要求是: 句子前后之间要有照应、有衔接, 思想的表达应该是有序的、清楚的, 句子

与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑, 不能造成歧义或矛盾。

1 . 正确使用人称代词

When I came back at midnight , you saw the light in his room was still on . (误) When I came back at midnight , I saw the light in his room was still on . (正)我午夜 返回时, 看到他房间里的灯还亮着。

Every student must hand in their paper by the end of the term . (误)

Every student must hand in his paper by the end of the term . (正)每个学生在期末都 必须把论文交上来。

The committee are divided in its opinions . (误)

The committee are divided in their opinions . (正)委员们的意见有分歧。 2 . 正确选择视点

在作文时, 文思要连贯, 不可突然从一个视点转到另一个视点。

1)勿突然改变主语和语态

Great changes have taken place in China since the reform was begun in 1979 . (误) Great changes have taken place in China since the reform began in 1979 . (正)自1979 年改革以来, 中国发生了巨大的变化。

She came out successful in the speech contest and an award was received by her . (误) She came out successful in the speech contest and received an award . (正)她在演讲 比赛中取得了好成绩, 获得了一份奖品。

He ran to the station and the train was taken by him . (误)

He ran to the station and took the train . (正)他跑到车站, 乘上了火车。

2)勿在一个句子中突然改变时态

The old professor has worked in the university for over twenty years and publishes many books . (误)

The old professor has worked in the university for over twenty years and ( has) published many books . (正)这位老教授在这所大学里已经工作了20 多年, 出版了 许多书。

He went to see her and tells her what happened . (误)

He went to see her and told her what happened . (正)他去看了她, 并告诉了她所发 生的事情。 3)勿突然改变语气

英语中有三种语气, 即陈述语气、虚拟语气和祈使语气。在复合句中, 语气应该相同。 Come here and you must bring your book with you . (误)

Come here and bring your book with you . (正)到这里来, 并把书带来。 I f I had known that earlier , I told you . (误)

I f I had known that earlier , I would have told you . (正)要是我早点知道那件事, 我 就会告诉你了。

新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 852 第二十五讲 句式与修辞

3 . 勿用悬垂修饰语

悬垂修饰语指的是与句子中主语不能发生联系的分词、不定式或介词短语等。 Having been bitten by a mad dog , the doctor tried to cure the boy with a new kind of medicine . (误)

Having been bitten by a mad dog , the boy was cured by the doctor with a new kind of medicine . (正)那个男孩被疯狗咬了, 医生用一种新药为他治疗。

To f inish the work on time, some new and e f f ective measures have been taken by them . (误)

To f inish the work on time, they have taken some new and effective measures . (正) 为了按时完成工作, 他们采取了一些新的有效措施。

A f ter graduating f rom college, my father wanted me to pursue my education in the United States . (误)

A f ter I graduated f rom college, my father wanted me to pursue my education in the Untied States . (正)我大学毕业后, 父亲让我去美国继续深造。

4 . 句意要符合逻辑

He was made to study medicine when he was young and he loved music very much . (误) Although he loved music very much, he was made to study medicine when he was young . (正)他虽然很喜欢音乐, 但是年轻的时候却被迫学医了。

The two lovers committing suicide, their parents didn..t agree to their marriage . (误) Because their parents didn..t agree to their marriage, the two lovers committed suicide . (正)由于父母不同意他们的婚事, 这一对恋人自杀了。

5 . 注意修饰语在句中的位置

Wrapped in a piece o f silk cloth , Mother sent her daughter a birthday present . (误) Mother sent her daughter a birthday present , wrapped in a piece of silk cloth . (正) 母亲给女儿寄去了一份生日礼物, 用一块丝布包着。 He merely did it for his own interest . (误)

He did it merely for his own interest . (正)他做那件事纯粹是为了个人利益。 三、简洁性

1 . 文字要简洁

The chairman will give the explanation of the reason for the delay o f it . (差) The chairman will explain the reason for its delay . (优)主席将要解释推迟的原因。 The factory was close to the point of being at bankruptcy . (差) The factory was almost bankrupt . (优)这家工厂几乎破产了。

Professor Wang knows a great deal in terms of the condition of the American history . (差) Professor Wang knows a great deal about the American history . (优)王教授对于美国 历史有着渊博的知识。

Helen always behaves in a respect f ul manner towards others . (差)

Helen always behaves respect fully towards others . (优)海伦对人彬彬有礼。 2 . 删除重复的词

The government has decided to improve the living conditions of the people better . (差) The government has decided to improve the living conditions of the people . (优)政府 已经决定改善人民的居住条件。

大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)

853 四、句式转换与标点

They had suf f icient enough food to last them the whole winter . (差)

They had suf ficient food to last them the whole winter . (优)他们有足够的食物过冬。 Whoever want to go he should repor t to the office . (误)

Whoever wants to go should report to the office . (正)谁想去谁就向办公室报告。 History, as we know, it is apt to repeat itself . (误)

History, as we know, is apt to repeat itself . (正)我们知道, 历史往往是会重演的。 Jack who wants to call on his friends before he leaves for England . (误)

Jack wants to call on his f riends before he leaves for England . (正)杰克在动身去英 国之前想去看看朋友。 四、句式转换与标点

英语句式丰富多彩, 这就使得不同的句式进行转换成为可能。下面介绍一些常用的句式转 换方法。

1 . 从句→分词短语

As he was lying in the grass, he thought of the seaside where he had spent the summer . Lying in the grass, he thought of the seaside where he had spent the summer . 2 . 伴随状语→独立主格

The dog edged toward me threateningly , his head lowered and teeth bared . Head lowered and teeth bared, the dog edged toward me threateningly . 3 . 从句→不定式短语

He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly . For the audience to hear him clearly, he spoke louder . 4 . 正常语序→倒装语序

The sense of humour rarely deserted this noble man . Rarely did the sense of humour desert this noble man . 5 . 从句→形容词短语

As he was tired and hungry, the man was unwilling to move on . Tired and hungry , the man was unwilling to move on . 6 . 表语从句→主语从句

The most appealing to her was what was in him . What was in him was the most appealing to her . 7 . 介词短语→主语

The war broke out on the evening o f November 3 .

The evening o f November 3 saw the break of the war . (时间名词作主语, 生动) There is a beautiful lake in the city .

The city boasts a beautiful lake . (地点名词作主语, 简洁)

She was filled with great happiness at the thought o f seeing him soon .

The thought of seeing him soon filled her heart with great happiness . (动作名词作主语) He was walking alone in the field at dusk .

Dusk found him walking alone in the field . (自然现象名词作主语, 生动) 8 . 形容词→名词

The assemble was very quiet .

A hush fell upon the assembly . 会场一片寂静。(情景名词作主语, 生动)

新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 854 第二十五讲 句式与修辞

9 . 介词宾语→同源宾语

He expressed his relief with a deep sigh when hearing the news . He sighed a deep sigh of relie f when hearing the news . 10 . 否定→双重否定

This is really an important question . This is no unimportant question . He was very satis f ied in her work . He was never dissatis f ied in her work .

When I hear the bird..s song, I will think o f the springtime .

I never hear of the bird..s song without thinking of the springtime . Never do I hear of the bird..s song but will think of the springtime .