2015年10月《英语》一真题

2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(一)试卷

(课程代码 00012) 第一部分选择题(共20分)

一， 阅读判断(第1-10题，每题1分，共10分)

下面的短文后列出了十个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C,并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。

Atwentieth-centurywoman

MaryaSkodowska was born onNovember 7, 1867, in Poland. Marya’s father wanted hisfive children to go tocollege, but the family was poor. In fact, Maryaworkedfor six years to makemoney so her elder sister Bronya could study medicine inParis.When Bronyafinished medical school in 1891, 23-year-old Marya went toParis to begin herown study.

InJuly 1893, Marie passed herphysics exam first in her class. At this time, shemet Pierre curie, a youngscientist. Marie and Pierre found that they had muchin common. They bothbelieved that science was the most important part of theirlives. They didn’tcare about money or about being comfortable. They fell inlove, and weremarried on July 26, 1895. Marie and Pierre were very happy. Theydiscussedtheir work as well as the most recent scientific events, such as the discoveryofX rays. Marie was interested in this research and began to look forunknownelements that had such rays. Pierre stopped his own research in order tohelpMarie in her work. He realized that she was about to make animportantdiscovery.

In1898, they discovered two newelements that gave off X rays. In those days, noone knew that such materialswere dangerous. They did not know that working withthese materials

causedtheirillness, and they kept working. Finally, in 1902,they proved that radium(镭) is real. OnJune 25, 1903, Madame became thefirst woman to receive a doctor of sciencedegree from the Sorbonne. Then shereceived an even greater award. In 1903,Marie and Pierre and Henri wereawarded the Nobel Prize in physics.

1Marya went to Paris to begin herown study when she finished medical school. A.True B. False C. Not given

2Marya changed her name to Frenchform, Marie , in Paris. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

3Marya had quarreled with hersister before moving out of her sister’s home. A.True B. False C. Not given

4Marya was happy even if she livedin hard living conditions. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

5Marie and Pierre fell in lovebecause they had different ideas about science andlife. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

6Pierre didn’t want to stop hisown research to help Marie. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

7Pierre’s parents didn’t agreewith his marriage with Marie. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

8Marie alone found two elementsthat gave off X rays in 1898. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

9Marie and Pierre did not know thedanger of those materials giving off X rays. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

10Marie and Pierre won the NobelPrize in physics in 1903. A.TrueB.False C. Not given

二阅读选择(第11-15题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A,B,C,D,)中选出1个最佳选项，并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。

NationalHealth Service

TheBritish National Health Service (NHS) was setup in 1948 and was to provideequal basic and free health care for everybody inthe countryside. Before thistime, health care had to be paid for byindividuals.

Nowadays,the central government is directlyresponsible for the NHS, although it ismanaged by local health organizations.About 83 percent of the cost of thehealth service is paid for by

generaltaxation and the rest is met from thenational insurance contributions paid bythose in work. Some people have to payfor prescription and dental care butother people, such as children, pregnantwomen, and those on income support,are exempt from payment.

Asthe people of Britain gets older, the hospitalservice now treats more patientsthan before, although patients spend less timein hospital. NHS hospitals---manyof which were built in the nineteenthcentury—provide nearly half a million bedsand have over 480,000 medical staff.The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe,although Britain actually spendsless per person on health care than most of herEuropean neighbors.

Duringthe 1980s, the health service increasedemphasis on managerial efficiency andthe privatization (私人化) of some services (for example,cleaning). Atthe end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for furtherreform of theNHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing.Patients would beable to choose and change their family doctor more

easily.However, thepolitical questions continue of how much money should be providedtosupportthe NHS and where it should come from.

11 Wecan know from the first paragraph that_____________.

A. theNHS was to provide equal basic health care for people in the cities. B.people in cities didn’t have to pay for health care before 1948. C.patients in countryside had to pay money for health care before 1948 D. theNHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers. 12What does the underlined word “exempt”probably mean? A.suffering B. different C. prevented D. free

13According to paragraph 2 and 3, which of thefollowing is TRUE about HNS? A. It’smanaged by the central government.

B. ithires more people than any other unit in Europe. C. fewerpatients go to NHS hospitals than before in Britain.

D. itscost is mainly paid for by the national insurance contributions 14The NHS reform during 1980s focused more on_______________. A.efficiency and self-managing B.efficiencyandprivatization

C.competition and self-managing D.competition and privatization

15According to the last paragraph, the biggestproblem for the NHS is ___________. A. manyhospitals are too old to be used B. someservices are provided by individuals

C. morepatients go to other countries for treatment D. thereis not enough money for further reform 第二部分 非选择题(共80分)

三，概括段落大意和补全句子(第16-25题，每题1分，共10分)

阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的两项测试任务：(1)从第16-20题后所给的6个选项中为第①--⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题;(2)从第21-25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。在“非选择题”答题区内 Greatsoccer player

1Soccer is played by millions of people all overtheworld, but there have onlybeen a few player who were truly great. How didthese players get great? Was itthrough training and practice? Or were greatplayers born not trained to begreat? Studies show that these great playersshare something in common.

2First,theseplayers come from places that have had famous stars in the past so that ayoungboy can look up to and try to imitate (模仿). In the history of soccer,only six countrieshave ever won the World Cup—three from South America andthree from WesternEurope. There has never been a great national team---or areallygreatplayer—from North America or from Asia.

3Second, these players have years of practice inthe game. Alfredo di Stefano wasthe son of a soccer player, so was Pele. Mostplayers begin playing the game atthe age of three or four. 4Finally, many great players come from the samekind of neighborhood (聚居区)—a poor, crowded area where a boy’s dream is notto be a doctor,lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete orentertainer. Forexample, Liverpool, which produced the Beatles (甲壳虫乐队),had one of the best English soccer teams inrecent years, Pele practiced in thestreet with a “ball” made of rags (破布). And George best learnedthe tricks by bouncingthe ball off a wall in the slums (贫民窟) of Belfast.