2020高考英语一轮复习课时提能练14Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars新人教版

is—what act of kindness shall I do with these 100 dollars?

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在地铁站台看到有个醉汉坐在地上，于是把对方搀扶起来并陪他坐上地铁，临下车的时候对方塞给作者一百美元，作者准备用这笔钱继续帮助别人。

4．Why was the man sitting on the subway station's floor? A．Because he wanted to go home. B．Because he was seriously ill. C．Because he was drunk.

D．Because he was waiting for the train.

C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“I put the thought...with a drunken man”可知，这个人坐在地铁站的地上是因为喝醉了。]

5．Seeing the money left by the man, the author first felt ． A．ashamed C．delighted

B．grateful D．frustrated

A [细节理解题。根据尾段第一句中的“My initial reaction...was of shame”可知，作者看到这笔钱最初的反应是感到羞愧，因此选A。]

6．How will the author possibly deal with the money? A．Give it back.

B．Buy something favorable. C．Leave it on the seat. D．Give it to people in need.

D [推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“Now, my question is...do with these 100 dollars”可推知，作者下一步要用这笔钱去帮助他人，因此选D。]

7．What can we infer from the passage? A．I helped the man the moment I saw him. B．I accompanied the man to take the stairs.

C．I thought it unsafe to go alone with the drunken man at first. D．A young woman ran after me and gave me the note.

C [推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者先是把不应该单独与这个醉汉同行的念头赶走，并在电梯里陪着他，因此C项正确。]

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2019·湖南省六校联考)

Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth

Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training.

They also go through training in how to care for plants. These“astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.

Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this，it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.

Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe.

3 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them，so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't“know”to grow down，leaves don't “know” to grow up，and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 4 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(凝胶) are used to help plant growth.

Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space，and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people，our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.

A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.

B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.

D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22，000 per kilogram. E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.

G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植的原因和好处以及种植方法。

1．D [空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍

空后一句的原因；故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22 000美元”符合语境。]

2．F [根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物，故F项正确。]

3．B [上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系，故B项正确。]

4．E [根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法，故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。]

5．C [根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水，在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来改善，故C项正确。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2019·贵阳市适应性考试一)China's space program has become the first to land a spacecraft on the 1. (so-call) dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.

Chang'e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2. empty surface that appears to be 3. (light) by a light from the lunar explorer.

The name Chang'e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4. (live) on the moon for thousands of years.

The landing is an example of China's 5. (grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6. (program). China also wants to strengthen 7. (it) position.

Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University's school of astronomy and space science. He told the Associated Press, “8. the whole, China's space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”

He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There's no doubt 9. our nation will go farther and farther，”he said.

In 2013, Chang'e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10.

(success)sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.

For now, China plants to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。

1．so-called [考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词so-called 修饰dark side，作定语。]

2．an [冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]

3．lit/lighted [考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。]

4．has lived [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。]

5．growing [考查形容词。growing 是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。]

6．programs [考查名词的单复数。program是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故用复数形式，故填programs。]

7．its [考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。]

8．On [考查介词。on the whole是固定搭配，意为“大体上”，符合语境，故填介词On。]

9．that [考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法There is no doubt that，意为“毫无疑问”，符合语境，故填that。]

10．successfully [考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。]

Ⅳ.短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。