2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(全国卷1)(学生版)

languages are spoken by fewer people than that.www.21-cn-jy.com

Alredy well over 400 0f the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the Unitde States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Auatralia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A.They developed very fast. B.They were large in number.

C.They had similar patterns. D.They were closely connected.

29.Which of the following best explains “dominanr” underlined in paragraph 2? A.Complex. B.Advanced C.Powerful. D.Modern.

30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present. A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400. C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.

31.What is the main idea of the text? A.New languages will be created.

B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C.Human development results in fewer languages. D.Geography determines language evolution.

D

We may think we‘re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shony and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out ot style,That’s bad news for environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things，【21教育名师】

To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – form when its minedals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desltop computers basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn’t throw out our old ones.”TheLiving-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid’s room ,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.We’re not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbin’s team,old desktop monitors and box TV’s with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007,but the

researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function ,such as tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32.What does the author think of new devices?

A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly. 33.Why did Babbin’s team conduct the research?

A.To reduce the cost of minerals. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To update consumers on new technology.

D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34.Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet.

C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer.

35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them.

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Color is fundamental in home design-something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36______,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.___37_____,they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re reallly only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones, the medium ones,and the large ones.

_38__.They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves.__39___.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.___40___

A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you’re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two maior ways

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Duing my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I __41___ the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesn’t want to __42___ a few dollars? More than that,I’d always wanted to learn chess.And,even if I weren’t __43____ enough about free credits,news about our __44_____ was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which __45___ I would be learning from one of the game’s ___46___,I could hardly wait to __47__ him.21·cn·jy·com

Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returing to teach,and this __48___ was no game for him:he meant business.In his introduction,he make it ___49____ that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to ___50___ the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to ___51____ what we would learn in class to our future professions and ___52___ to our lives.I managed to get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the ___54___.www-2-1-cnjy-com

Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,I’m still putting to use what be ___55__ me:”The absolute most important ___56__ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good __57___.On every single move you have to __58___ a situation,process what you opponent(对手) is doing and __59___ the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my ___60___ as a journalist.

41.A.put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D.turned down 42.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay 43.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired

44.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor 45.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant 46 A. fastest B. easiest C. best D.rarest 21世纪教育网 47 A. interciew B.meet C. challcnge D. beat 48 A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 49 A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible

50A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe 51 A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare

52 A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53 A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54 A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55 A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised 56 A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill

57 A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments 2·1·c·n·j·y 58 A. analyze B. descibe C. rebuild D. control 59 A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate 60 A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior 第二节（共10小题；没小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners You don’t have to run fast long 62 (see)the benefit You may drink ,smoke be overwhelming and still reduce your risk of 63 （die）earlyby running. While running regularly can’make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause)21cnjy.com

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ……

It’s probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfacces to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.

第四部分写作 (共两节，满分35分)

第一节 短文改错 (共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词 注：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分

During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip. I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关 习俗，请你回复邮件，内容包括: 1.到达时间;