数控机床三维建模与设计

数控机床三维建模与设计

摘 要

数控车床是装有数字程序控制系统的自动化车床。其通过数字化信号由伺服系统对机床运动及加工过程进行控制，最终实现车床自动完成对零件的加工。与其他控制相比，数控的最大特点是运动的执行与程序的编制相互独立。其集中了自动化机床、精密机床和通用机床的优点，具有高效率、高质量和高柔性的特点。

计算机建模技术将机械设计的参数化应用于数控机床的设计与研究，以提高机床产品的质量，加快数控机床的更新换代。在传统机械设计的基础上，使用功能强大的Pro/e工程建模软件建立数控机床主轴部件的实体模型，并模拟机床主轴部件的装配过程、主传动、换刀运动等过程，使设计者在制造样机之前，及时发现设计过程中潜在的缺陷，为下一步的设计提供良好的条件。

关键字：计算机建模，参数化，数控机床，主轴部件，装配过程，主传动，换刀运动

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NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINE THREE DIMENSIONAL

MODELLING AND DESIGN

ABSTRACT

Numerical control (NC) lathe is an automatic lathe that installed numerical program control system. It transmits numerical signal to control the machine tool’s movement and machining process by servo system, eventually realizes that it automatically completes to processing of parts. With NC’s biggest characteristics that other control compare, Discharge movement and program mutually independent. It collects the advantages of automatic machine tools, precise machine tools and general purpose machine tools, having the characters of high-efficiency, high-quality and high-flexibility.

The calculator is set up the mold technique to turn the parameter that the machine design to apply in the design and researches that the number control the tool machine, with the quantity of the exaltation tool machine product, the renewal that speeds number to control the tool machine changes the generation. On the foundation that the traditional machine design, the strong engineering of Pro/ e of the usage function sets up the entity model that the mold software builds up number to control the tool machine principal axis parts, and imitate the assemble process, lord of the tool machine principal axis parts to spread to move, change the knife the sport etc. process, make design is before make the kind machine, discovering to design the process in time in the latent blemish, provide the good condition for the design of the next move.

KEYWORDS: Computer modelling， Parametrization， Numerical control machine， Main axle part，Assembly process，Master drive，The knife movement trading

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目 录

摘 要 .................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................ II 1绪论 .................................................................... 1

1.1 数控机床的产生与发展 .............................................. 1

1.1.1 数控机床的产生与发展 ........................................ 1 1.1.2 数控机床的技术发展趋势 ...................................... 1 1.2 设计的主要任务 .................................................... 2 2 主传动设计 ............................................................. 3

2.1 驱动源的选择 ...................................................... 3 2.2 转速图的拟定 ...................................................... 3 2.3传动轴的估算 ...................................................... 4 2.4齿轮模数的估算 .................................................... 6 3 主轴箱展开图的设计 ..................................................... 7

3.1各零件结构和尺寸设计 .............................................. 7

3.1.1设计的内容和步骤 ............................................. 7 3.1.2 有关零部件结构和尺寸的确定 .................................. 7 3.1.3 各轴结构的设计 .............................................. 8 3.1.4 主轴组件的刚度和刚度损失的计算： ............................ 9 3.2 装配图的图纸设计 ................................................. 12

3.2.1 标注尺寸 ................................................... 12 3.2.2 编写技术要求 ............................................... 12 3.2.4 列出零件明细表及标题栏 ..................................... 13

4 主轴部件的实体建模及运动模拟 .......................................... 14

4.1 零部件的实体建模 ................................................. 14

4.1.1 各轴的实体建模 ............................................. 14 4.1.2 轴承的实体建模 ............................................. 16 4.1.3 箱体的实体建模 ............................................. 18 4.1.4 齿轮的实体建模 ............................................. 18 4.2 主轴部件的装配 ................................................... 21

4.2.1 主轴部件的装配 ............................................. 21 4.2.2 主轴部件装配的动态模拟 ..................................... 21 4.3 主轴部件的运动演示 ............................................... 22

4.3.1 主传动的运动演示 ........................................... 23

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5 零件工作图设计 ........................................................ 24

5.1 零件工作图设计的基本要求 ......................................... 24

5.1.1 零件工作图设计的基本要求 ................................... 24 5.2 主要零件工作图的设计要点 ......................................... 24

5.2.1 轴类零件工作图的设计要点 ................................... 24 5.2.2 齿轮零件工作图的设计要点 ................................... 25 5.2.3 机体零件工作图的设计要点 ................................... 25 5.3主要零件工作图的绘制完成 ......................................... 26 6 设计的总结 ............................................................ 27 致 谢 ................................................................... 28 参 考 文 献 ............................................................. 29

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