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A. Research on buildings in the New Stone Age.

B. The discovery of a fire monument in England.

C. The connection between the fire monument and Stonehenge.

D. An introduction to major monuments around the Stonehenge.

13. According to the article, the fire monument in Avebury ______.

A. measures eight kilometers in total length

B. served as a kitchen for Stonehenge builders

C. was carefully designed and most likely used for ceremonies

D. was built and then destroyed about 5,300 years ago

14. What did the attack of unknown peoples about 4,500 years ago bring about?

A. Damage to the local environment.

B. The creation of a new language.

C. Lots of new people living in the country.

D. An increase in the variety of local culture.

15. What is the author’s attitude toward the research of fire monuments in England?

A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring. E

Chimpanzees do have stronger muscles than us – but they are not nearly as powerful as many people think.

“There’s this idea out there that chimpanzees are superhuman strong,” says Matthew O’Neill at the University of Arizona in Phoenix. Yet his team’s experiments and computer models show that a chimpanzee muscle is only about a third stronger than a human one of the same size.

This result matches well with the few tests that have been done, which suggest that when it comes to pulling and jumping, chimps are about 1.5 times as strong as humans relative to their body mass. But because they are lighter than the average person, humans can actually outperform them in absolute terms, says O’Neill.

His findings suggest that other apes have similar muscle strength to chimpanzees. “Humans are the odd ones,” he says.

O’Neill’s team has been studying the evolution of upright walking. To create an accurate computer model of how chimps walk, the researchers needed to find out whether their muscles really are much stronger. So they removed small samples of leg muscle from three chimps and measured the strength of individual fibers (纤维).

The same procedure is used to study human muscles. Comparing the results with the many studies on those showed that, contrary to the claims of several other studies, there is nothing special about chimp muscle. “Chimpanzee muscle is really no different than human muscle in terms of the force that individual fibers use,” says O’Neill.

So why, on a pound-for-pound basis, are chimps slightly stronger than humans? The team went on to look at the muscle of chimps that had died of natural causes, which showed that two-thirds of their muscle is made of fast-twitch fibers, whereas more than half of human fibers are slow-twitch. Fast-twitch fibers are more powerful, but use more energy and become tired faster.

Another factor, O’Neill found, is that chimps have longer fibers on average, which also improves their strength.

This adds to the evidence that walking uses far more energy for chimps than for people. The results fit well with the idea that early humans evolved to walk or run long distances. It seems that we gave up some strength for greater endurance (耐力).

16. What does O’Neill mean when he says “Humans are the odd ones”?

A. Humans are better at jumping and pulling things than chimps.

B. There is nothing special about human muscles.

C. Humans are heavier and stronger than chimpanzees.

D. Humans’ muscle strength is different from that of apes.

17. What contributes a lot to the strength of chimp muscles?

A. The evolution of upright walking.

B. The slow-twitch fibers in their muscles.

C. The fast-twitch fibers in their muscles.

D. Most of their muscles being made of short fibers.

18. We can infer from the text that ______.

A. short fibers provide more energy for the muscle

B. human muscles are more suited to long distance running

C. early humans needed much more energy than chimps

D. slow-twitch muscle fibers help chimps survive in the wild 说明文类阅读理解模拟训练 A

这是一篇科技类说明文，介绍了科学家们发现的雌雄蚊子的嗡嗡声的区别和作用，并且提到研究者希望利用这一点来降低蚊子的数量。

1. C。根据第二段“because they don’t desire your blood. They stay away from your ears, eating nectar”可知，雄蚊子吸食花蜜，雌蚊子才吸血，因此选C。

2. D。题干问的是Louis M. Roth的发现，因此答案定位在第四段。根据第四段“The males even reacted to recordings of female mosquitoes”可知，雄蚊子被雌蚊子的嗡嗡声所吸引，甚至会对雌蚊子嗡嗡声的录音有反应，因此选D。

3. B。根据第六段“When males and females fly nearby, they change the pitch of their buzz to match each other, and if they match well enough, they mate”可知，雌雄蚊子相互飞近的时候，会调整嗡嗡声的音高，如果音高相匹配，它们就会交配，因此选B。

4. B。题干问的是Lauren Cator的希望，因此答案定位在第七段。根据长难句分析2，可知Lauren希望通过人工干预，减少蚊子的数量，答案选B。 B

【长难句解析】However, any big efforts to stop the carp – such as allowing the Chicago River to once again flow in its original direction – would in turn threaten the security of the city’s water supply, replacing one big problem with another.

结构分析：本句的主句是any big efforts would in turn threaten the security of the city’s water supply, to stop the carp是不