大学英语之泛读第一册6~10单元答案

Cloze -- Passage 6

Adults who had been fed plenty of fruit when they were children are less likely to suffer from certain types of cancer, British scientists said on Wednesday.

A medical study of ____1____ 4,000 men and women showed that the more fruits the adults had eaten when they were ____2____the less likely they were to suffer from lung, bowel and breast cancer.

\adulthood,\

All of the adults in the study had filled in a food ____4____during the 1930s for a research study looking into the eating habits of families in ____5____and urban areas of England and Scotland. Maynard and her colleagues studied the medical records of the group up to July 2000, by which time 483 cases of cancer had been ____6____. In addition to fewer cases of cancer, a high consumption of fruit was ____7____with a lower death rate from all causes.

Fruits are loaded with antioxidants, vitamins and other nutrients, which can help to prevent genetic ____8____that can lead to the development of cancer.

The scientists also studied the ____9____of vitamins C, E and beta carotene on cancer but they did not find any ____10____that individual antioxidants were as protective as fruit. A) impact B) efficiency C) associated D) insert E) protective F) furthermore G) decent H) diagnosed I) damage J) young K) inventory L) rural M) nearly N) evidence O) grab

Cloze -- Passage 7

Academy Award nominees who go home empty-handed may not have a shiny Oscar to show off, but they may turn out to be the bigger winners in the game of life.

According to a study published in British Medical Journal on December 21, Oscar-winning screenwriters are more successful, more productive, and more ____1____ than losing nominees; however, they die sooner by about four years.

Because success is usually linked to better health, \is the first ____2____ever that success is not associated with improved ____3____,\Researchers ____4____down information about every person who was ever nominated for an Oscar since the awards were first handed out 73 years ago.

To explain the ____5____findings, he offers two theories. The first is the \

According to Redelmeier, screenwriters are more ____6____to lead unhealthy lifestyles, meaning they smoke more, exercise less, and work a lot of late-night hours, which translates into not enough sleep.

Screenwriters don't have a boss to report to, which brings into ____7____Redelmeier's second explanation, the \

\you become a successful screenwriter, you gain status without daily accountability, and as a ____8____your success may lead you to more alcohol, more parties, and more obesity,\

Redelmeier hopes his study will ____9____how important it is to lead a healthy lifestyle.

\after themselves.\

A) longevity B) flourish C) apt D) sometimes E) tracked F) respected G) account H) miracle I) occupation J) puzzling K) stress L) consequence M) internal N) fairly O) restrained

Cloze -- Passage 8

After intensive research, scientists have concluded that politicians lie.

In a study described in Britain's Observer newspaper, Glen Newey, a political scientist at Britain's University of Strathclyde, concluded that lying is an important part of ____1____ in the modern democracy.

\

According to Newey, voters expect to be lied to in certain circumstances, and sometimes even ____2____it. \game,\

Newey said lying by politicians can occasionally be ____5____justified, such as when national security is at ____6____, and the public even has a \truth, such as during a war.

But the main cause of lying is increased ____7____by the public into areas that the government would rather not discuss candidly. If voters only asked fewer questions, politicians would tell them fewer lies.

Bill Clinton ____8____lied about his affair with Monica Lewinsky, while earlier philandering（追逐女人的） U.S. presidents never had to lie about their ____9____, because nobody ever asked.

\____10____or parliamentary colleagues start to probe at that area which the government wants to keep secret, you are more likely to be pushed further and further toward the territory of lying,\

A) famously B) require C) politics D) miserable E) intermediate F) journalists G) representing H) affairs I) mechanism J) truthful K) faithfully L) probing M) deceive N) risk O) entirely

Cloze -- Passage 9

Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. It is ____1____ not the kind of place where most men would choose to live. But man has always moved to new areas.

Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more ____2____. Some large ____3____are very easy to do in a place without air. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without ____4____change when it is in such a place. Air, dust, and clouds cannot ____5____man‘s view of space from the moon. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to ____6____spaceship. Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself. Man would be in control of the ____7____of life in which he lives. ____8____could be removed from the air in this community. Gravity is the one thing that would not be under man‘s control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be ____9____for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good ____10____.

A) community B) condition C) launch D) insight E) chemical F) mysterious G) experiments H) probably I) healthful J) easily K) extend L) render M) promptly N) block O) bacteria

Cloze -- Passage 10

Most people think of sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their sharp teeth to attack swimmers. There are a lot of wrong ideas about sharks.

First, there are about 350 ____1____ of shark, and not all of them are large. They range in ____2____from the dwarf shark, which can be only six inches long and can be held in the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 5 feet long.

The second ____3____of shark concerns its terrible teeth whose number and type can vary greatly among the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven ____4____of teeth at the same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the cruel and predatory species do have ____5____sharp teeth used to ____6____and cut their victim apart, many other types of shark, however, have teeth more ____7____to holding than to cutting. Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to ____8____out at humans. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of shark have been known to attack humans, and a shark seldom ____9____ humans unless is made angry. The types of shark that have the worst record with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no ____10____instances of attacks on humans.

A) attacks B) negotiate C) size D) declaration E) remote F) known G) misunderstanding H) notifying I) extremely J) species K) sets L) hence

M) tear N) strike O) suitable

Careful Reading – Passage 6

Hazel asks how one can stay healthy working the hours I've been working. Here's one thing that helps: don't do it forever! My work is always more than forty hours a week, but these periods of never stopping and sleep deprivation don't go on for very long at a time. The last five weeks or so have been particularly busy, and the last two before a major vote especially so.

Most organizers, under the pressure, resort to bad coping mechanisms like overeating, smoking, or drinking too much. It's so easy to think that a quick fix like that will make you feel better, when in the long run it makes you feel worse. I found that keeping low calorie really helped me maintain my mental focus in the last days. There's something about eating just on the lighter side of what I really need that makes me calmer and sharper.

Planning is really the key. We made the appetizing muffins over the July 4th weekend, and they were really a health-saver in these last two weeks. Being able to pull a 275 calorie package of perfectly zoned yumminess out of the freezer, engineered to have 27% of the RDA (Recommended daily allowance) of everything, made grabbing healthy food in a hurry easy. I had appetizing muffins for breakfasts on most days with such toppings as hot sauce, mustard, and fat free cream cheese. I really enjoy this little bread, so I felt like I was feasting instead of feeling deprived. Since my husband packs my lunch time salad, filled with an amazing array of greens that pack a nutritional punch along with pumpkin seeds for zinc and fat and eggwhites for protein, I had lunches taken care of. And I was lucky enough to be working in a place that has a convenient Subway, so Subway salads and low carb wraps were always available. Subway can really be a blessing to the health conscious on the run.

The good news is: WE WON!!! And we won big. 272 votes for us, 128 for the other union, and only 19 for no union at all. It was a fight up until the end, including threats of violence from the other union. Don't worry, Mommies and Daddies out there. I was very careful never to be alone anywhere, I am being extra cautious. Our leaders inside the hospital were under a ton of pressure as they got attacked by both management and the other union, but so many of their co-workers were supportive that they held up beautifully. Now they finally have a chance to negotiate a contract that gets them the kind of salaries, benefits and working conditions they deserve. It's about time.

I'm off to a meeting to plan next steps... the fun never ends!

1. In order to stay healthy while working busily, the author suggests that __________.

A. we should work no more than forty hours a week B. we should try to get rid of the working pressure

C. we should try to avoid sleep deprivation and fast food D. we should stop working and make up for sleep at times 2. The author keeps low calorie by __________.

A. excluding greasy food from her diet B. eating less than necessary C. taking up a nutritious recipe

D. having no more than three meals a day 3. What did the author eat for supper?

A. Salad and low carb wraps bought in the Subway. B. Appetizing muffins with diverse toppings.

C. Green salad with pumpkin seeds and eggwhites. D. A nutritional punch prepared by her husband. 4. Being an organizer, the author works for __________.

A. an election committee B. a charity fund C. a labor union

D. a hospital management

5. ―Mommies and Daddies out there‖ were worried __________.

A. about the author‘s personal safety

B. that the author‘s union would fail in the election C. about the opposition in the hospital

D. that the author couldn‘t get through the pressure

Careful Reading – Passage 7

Climbing to the top of my nearest hill in San Francisco, my purpose is not to enjoy the view but to experience a bit of fresh air and nature. Some birds dwell in these urban islands of trees, bushes and soil. So few people are

there, but they are happy, relaxed and friendly (unless insane and out to rob). I find the view of San Francisco Bay and the metropolis most disturbing, seeing in all directions the industrial activity and oil-fueled trade of questionable imported products. Massive port facilities dwarf the human scale of sustainable import/export. A very small number of sailboats for pleasure can't quite offer a vision of renewable-energy travel and exchange. Passenger planes take off, military jets show off their ear-splitting capabilities, all against the backdrop of polluted air that is warming in general thanks to commercial activity and the mindless consumption by the individual. The hills are full of roads and energy-wasting houses. It's not like this everywhere; the hills around Kyoto are pitch black at night, for they consist of forest, trails and small, outdoor temples.

Seven million people surround me in this metropolitan area. Those among them who really care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs, or what pregnant celebrity has checked into a drug rehabilitation facility, are not likely to be trying to live lightly on the planet. Normal citizens under the spell of mass media want to consume, and be given answers and easy fixes. Such citizens, I suspect, would argue about the color-coordination of the shoes and handbag of the person in front of them in the line, like sheep, to the slaughterhouse. For they are already there in line, as they want to know badly what's on cable TV and what's in the freezer to eat. They may get what they want tonight, and again, and again, but it will come to an abrupt end, and will people pick up a shovel to plant food or pick up the gun to take others' food? That depends on the area affected, the culture (urban U.S. or otherwise), and population size.

Why should I be disturbed by what I see now, when all is basically calm? Or feel uneasy as I stroll about in the safety of my comfortable home? Is not San Francisco and the surrounding area a great city, with many wonderful people and activities to appreciate? What about the noble struggles of valiant, compromised hard-working people, or the dysfunctional and disabled folk who are really kind? The social injustice that is still pervasive, in our boastful age of scientific and technological power, is outrageous and occupies many of the best hearts and minds in the world who live in our very midst. Much of what ails people, it is thought, is that they do not have enough cheap, affordable energy or material things that are supposed to both satisfy and uplift. More public funds for health care, through an end to costly, imperialist wars, would be the ticket to a healthy society, in the eyes of more and more.

Except, that selfless aspiration is becoming clouded with the uncertainty and fright growing around our awakening to climate change. In the buzzing Bay Area and every other large and small city, we are behaving as if there is no threat to the climate and thus our future survival as a species. Just looking around at the unceasing traffic, it is clear that basic, radical but easy solutions are being kept on the shelf or buried. Tiny changes, usually just initiatives that don't threaten the current life style (e.g., different engines), are called \green that. But the big \depends on our collaboration as equals. Our bosses and political leaders have been as useful in the needed transition as -- to borrow an expression from my late father – tits on a bull.

1. What do the ―few people‖ do on top of the hill?

A. They are the rich residents of the city. B. They are there to enjoy the natural beauty.

C. They are attracted by the view of San Francisco Bay D. They attack the tourists and rob them.

2. In the aspect of sustainable energy, the author favors __________ most.

A. oil-fueled trade

B. massive port facilities C. sailboats

D. passenger planes

3. What does the author feel about the hills around Kyoto?

A. They are worth appreciating. B. They are not well-lit at night.

C. They provide us with the best living environment. D. They have scenes different from all the other hills.

4. According to the author, the people who care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs are likely to __________.

A. look at others with a critical eye B. live a comparatively lavish life C. value environment protection