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虚拟语气
一、虚拟条件句: 虚拟语气用于if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词有三种形式： 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实should /would/could/might + have had + 过去分词 相反 + 过去分词 与现在事实would/should/could/might + 动词一般过去时(be用were) 相反 原形 一般过去时或与将来事实Would/should/could/might + 动词should(were to) + 动词相反 原形 原形 1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词 的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party. 如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。 If I knew her well, I would tell you about her. 如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。 2. 表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened. 如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。 If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus. 如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。 3．表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should（were to）+ 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。如；If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam. 如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。 If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith. 如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。 If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off until next Friday. 如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。 注意：（1）有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省略,而将“were、 had、 should 等动词提到 主语前面。如：Should(万一) it snow tomorrow ,we could have a snowball fight . Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her.
如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她。
If I were in your position (Were I in your position), I would do it better.
如果我在你的位置上，我会做得更好。
If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded.
如果他们做了准备的话，他们就已经成功了。 （2）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表
示的时间作相应调整，称为错综时间虚拟条件句。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在）
If I were you ,I would have taken his advice .（从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间）
Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.如果我今天早上出来的时候带着伞的话，现在就不会淋湿了。（从句说的是过去的事情，而主
句说的是现在的事情）
If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be all right now.如果你那时听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。（从句说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）
If I hadn’t finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow.如 果到现在为止我还没有完成作文的话，我明天还要接着写。（从句说的是现在的事情， 而主句说的是将来的事情）
（3）从句中的be动词 用were
(4)含蓄虚拟条件句：有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。主要有以下几种情况。
①用with, without，but for等介词短语来替代条件从句, 它们都可以转换成由if引导的虚拟条件句。如：
We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t helped us. 如果（那时）没有你们的帮助，我们可能已经死了。
Without the sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing would grow. 没有太阳，万物都不能生长。 ②用or, otherwise, but that(for)（要不是）, suppose/ supposing (that), provided / providing (that) 等引导的虚拟语气。如：
You didn’t come yesterday, or you would have seen him. 你昨天没有来，否则的话，你就已经看到他了。
I was very busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. 我上周很忙，否则的话，我就来看你了。
Supposing I was still a little child, I would study hard from now on. 假如我还是一个小孩子的话，我将从现在开始努力学习。 ③ 通过上下文来表示虚拟：这种情况下，需要加以分析。 I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then.
我（那时如果有钱的话）就可以给你更多的钱了，但是我当时太穷了。 I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.
我本来可以给你打电话，但是我（那时）忘了你的电话号码。
Having known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that. = If we had known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that.
如果我们（那时）及时知道事实的话，就不会说那件事了。 Any man in his position would have done that. 处于他那个位置的任何人都会那样做的。 一 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. —If the factory ___________ (belong) to me, I ___________ (not sell) it. — But it isn’t yours.
2. — If you ___________ (keep) the secret, nobody ___________ (know) it. — I’m sorry for making such a mistake.
3. If the weather (be) fine tomorrow, I (go) for an outing with my parents. 4. ___________ (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again.
5. ___________ (have) I had time last night, I ___________ (go) to see this wonderful film.
1. —My cat’s really fat. —You ______ have given her so much food. A. wouldn’t B .couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 2．—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It _____ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have driven her there.
A. could B. must C. might D. should
【答案与解析】
1．C。shouldn’t have done表示“本来不应该做某事而实际做了”。
2．C。根据句意，“本来这个湖应该是很漂亮的，但是现在被严重污染了”可知选 C。should 在这里表示“本来应该……，暗含着实际上不……”之意。
3．D。should have done表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做”，本句意为：“我告诉你朋友该怎么到达旅馆了，但是也许我应该开车把她送到那儿去”。
二 完成句子。根据中文提示完成下列各句。 1. 如果你年轻五岁，你该怎么办？
What ___________ you ___________, if you ___________ five years younger? 2. 如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。
If you ______________________ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _________________________________. 3. 如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。
If it ___________ foggy tomorrow, I _________________my car to go shopping. 4. 如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。
If it ____________________clear up tomorrow, we ______________for a picnic. 5. 如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参军。
If I ___________ a boy, I ___________ certainly join the army. 6. 如果你是我兄弟，你也会一样对我。
If you ___________ my brother, you ___________ treat me in the same way. 7. 如果我有你这样的姐姐会非常幸福的。
I ___________ __________ very happy, if I ___________ an elder sister like you. 8. 如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。
If I ______________________ up the wallet, I _________________ it to its owner. 9. 万一明天下大雪，一切都将被改变。
If it ___________ snow heavily tomorrow, everything ___________ be changed. 10. 如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。
If you ______________________ that day, the fire ______________________ out. 11.如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。
12.我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。 13 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。
14.如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她。
15.如果你那时听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。
三 选择最佳答案。
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. should give D. may give 2. What would have happened ________ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked B. if Bob should walk C. had Bob walked D. if Bob walked
3. ________ I in your position, I would not accept the invitation. A. Was B. Were C. Be D. Am
4. If my father ________ here the day after tomorrow, he ________ me at all. A. came, can’t see B comes, couldn’t see C. comes, couldn’t have seen D. came, couldn’t see
5. If it ________ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village. A. is B. be C. were D. are
6. If it ________ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film. A. would B. should C. could D. might
7. __________ asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way. A. Were I B. Am I C. If I am D. Was I
8. If he could help us, I am sure he ________. He’s always ready to help others. A. should B. had C. would have D. did 9.________ her in time, she would have jumped into the river.
A. If I stopped B. Did I stop C. If I didn’t stop D. If I hadn’t stopped 10. If I _________ ten years younger, I _________ out to try my luck.
A. am, would go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone 11. If you __________ my advice, you _________ such a serious mistake. A. followed, can’t make B. followed, couldn’t have made C. had followed, couldn’t make D. had followed, couldn’t have made
12. If I _________ that crowded bus yesterday morning, I _________ my purse with a
lot of money in it.
A. didn’t take, couldn’t lose B. hadn’t taken, wouldn’t have lost C. hadn’t taken, couldn’t lose D. didn’t take, can’t have lost
1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold. A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught C. won’t catch D. wouldn’t catch 3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
答案：一 动词变形1. belonged; wouldn’t sell 2. had kept; would have known 3. were to be ，would go 4. Were 5. Had; would have gone
二 完成句子1. would; do; were 2. had driven; couldn’t have happened 3. were; couldn’t drive 4. were to; would go 5. were; would 6. were; would 7. would be; had 8. had picked; would have returned 9. should; would 10. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t have broken三 1-5 ACBDC 6-10 BACDC 11-12 DB
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