江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题五 书面表达 第二讲 任务型作文之一写好文章概要习题

After interviewing 1，000 people，the researchers concluded that happiness equals P＋5E＋3H.

In the equation，P stands for Personal Characteristics(outlook on life，adaptability and resilience); E for Existence (health，friendships and financial stability) and H represents Higher Order(self-esteem，expectations and ambitions).

The researchers asked interviewees—a mix of men and women all over 18 years old—to choose five scenarios that made them more happy or less happy from a list of 80 different situations.They also asked a series of questions about their own natures，outlook and situations.Not surprisingly，the results showed that different people found happiness in different ways. 【参考答案】

Two British researchers interviewed 1，000 people about their opinions on happiness and concluded happiness equals “P＋5E＋3H”，a simple equation to quantify happiness.And different people define happiness differently.

如何写议论文的概要

议论文体的阅读材料，在写概要前，应该紧紧抓住议论文的文体特点、文章结构和三要素，准确捕捉材料的内容要点。议论文的结构形式有“总分”、“总分总”、“分总”或“并列”等。文章的三要素是：论点、论证、论据。而三要素中最重要的应是论点，因此，准确把握文章的论点就显得非常重要了。文章的论点往往在文章的首段或尾段，偶尔也在文章的中间。在段落中往往又在首句或尾句。还应特别注意段落中表转折或因果的连词，因为这些词往往会引出文章的论点。

此外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫作关键词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，关键词通常是名词、动词或形容词。

请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。 If__you__ask__people__what__makes__them__happy，you__will__probably__get__many__different__answers__but__there__are__two__fundamental__things__that__will__ensure__happiness. The__first__part__of__what__makes__people__happy__is__growth. When

you feel like you are improving your life，that’s when you are happy.It doesn’t necessarily mean that you have to constantly buy bigger and better things.You need to feel like you are growing on a personal level.You need to know that the essence of who you are is continually improving in some way.Keep looking for ways to make yourself better today than you were yesterday.This can mean different things to different people but the point is that you have to feel like you are improving and getting better as a human being as time goes by.

The__second__part__of__what__makes__people__happy__is__the__sense__of__contribution. Everyone wants to believe that they were put here to do something great.As long as you know that by your being here，by doing what you are doing，you are helping someone somewhere，it will bring you happiness.

These are two ways of how to find __happiness.Are these the only answers to what makes people happy? That depends on how you define happiness. [材料分析] 通读文章可知，happy 为本文的关键词，本文为总分结构的“观点对比式议论文”。

1.人们的观点：People have different opinions about what makes them happy. 2.作者的观点：Happiness comes from two fundamental sources.

基于以上分析之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约30个词的通顺文段：

While people have different opinions about what makes them happy，the writer thinks that happiness comes from the two fundamental sources: the improvement of one’s life and the sense of contribution.

请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。

It’s a question every social media user faces after taking a great photo: Should I post this? Or is it going to come back to worry me? The questions get doubly complex when they involve children.A parent on average will post almost 1，000 photos of a child online before the child turns five，according to a recent survey.Are parents putting kids at risk by oversharing on social media? Here are the selections of the views. Lauren Apfel(US)

The big reason to share is to build a community.I live，for example，thousands of miles from my family.In this atmosphere of modern parenthood，we all struggle to make it through the day，and the Internet has become a source of support.In the early years of mothering twins，one of the things that brought me the most happiness was posting pictures of them on Facebook.Sharing those photos and engaging with an online community was a lifeline. Dracarys(China)

I don’t post pictures of my kids online because I don’t like it when friends of mine post photos of me online.It feels way too public and an exhibitionist to me.So I treat my kids the way I want to be treated.That is probably what the parents who are comfortable with online photos think，too，when they decide to put the photos out there. 【参考答案】

While it is common for a parent to post children’s photos online nowadays，people take different attitudes toward it.Some think it’s beneficial while others are anxious about it.

如何写“图表/图画＋文字类”的概要

如果读写任务所给的阅读材料是“图表/图画＋文字”，那么务必看清题目的概述要

求，是对文字加图表/图画内容进行概述，还是仅概述图画或图表信息。如果是文字加图表/图画一起概述，那么概述的要点必须包括文字内容与图表信息。若仅是要求对图表/图画概述，只要描述图画内容即可。

(2018·南京市、盐城市高三二模)

请认真阅读下面有关“不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰”的研究结果，用约30个单词概述图表和下文的主要内容。

“At almost any given age，most of us are getting better at some things and worse at others，” Joshua Hartshorne，an MIT cognitive science researcher and the lead author of a study looking at how intelligence changes as we age，told Business Insider.The team behind that study quizzed thousands of people aged 10--90 on their ability to do things like remembering lists of words，recognizing

faces.Their__results__suggest__that__no__matter__what__your__agethere’s__almost__always__a__new__peak__on__the__horizon.

[材料分析] 通读文字结合图片(尤其是文字提示词)，可知调查结果表明：不同年龄阶段达到不同能力巅峰。

基于分析，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约30个词的通顺文段：

A research，which involves thousands of subjects aged 10-90，reveals that people reach different capacity peaks at different ages with teenagers blessed with good memories and the elderly possessing a large vocabulary.

，(2018·南京市高三三模)请用约30个单词概述图片和文字的主要内容。