江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题五 书面表达 第二讲 任务型作文之一写好文章概要习题

第二讲 │ 任务型作文之一——写好文章概要

从近五年江苏高考分析，高考书面表达主要考查读写任务型作文。读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两部分：写作内容一为摘要写作，即概括短文大意；写作内容二，就某个主题发表个人看法。“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为后面的“写”提供情景；同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。 读写任务型作文主要以记叙文和议论文为主。从近五年江苏高考书面表达来看，都是议论性的读写任务型作文。

如何写记叙文概要

记叙文体的阅读材料，在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when，where，who，what，why，how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重较大的是what，学生最容易犯的错误就是把what写得太详细。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：

1.没有寓意只单纯介绍事件的记叙文摘要要素： 人物——事件——结果

2.篇末有表示文章内涵的记叙文摘要要素： 人物——事件——结果——启示 记叙文摘要可以用下列句式开头： The writer tells us his experience... The author shares his experiences... From the passage，we know that... The passage tells us that...

当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。

请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。

A__father__came__home__from__work__late，tired__and__exhausted.He worked day and night，hoping to earn more money for his only

child.His__5-year-old__daughter was waiting for him at the door.

“Dad，how__much__do__you__earn__an__hour？”asked the daughter. “Why do you ask that？”

“I just want to know.Please tell me how much you earn an hour.” “If you really want to know...I earn$20 an hour.”

“Oh，” the little girl replied with her head down.Looking up，she said，“Dad，may__I__borrow__$10？”

The father became angry.“Go to bed right now! Think about how selfish you are.I work hard every day，but you just want to buy your silly toy！”

The little girl quietly went to her bedroom，feeling sad.After an hour or so，the father calmed down and started to feel sorry because she really didn’t ask for money very often.So he went to his daughter’s room and gave her $10. The little girl jumped from the bed.“Oh，thank you，Dad！” She was really happy indeed.

Then she took out her own savings and said，“Dad，I have$20 now.Can__I__buy__an__hour__of__your__time? Please come home earlier tomorrow.I__would__like__to__have__dinner__with__you.”

[材料分析] 这是一篇小女孩想购买父亲的时间，渴望得到父亲陪伴的记叙文。首先我们先找出记叙文的六要素：

who when where what her father. a girl and her father at the time when her father came home from work at home The girl borrowed $10 from her father and wanted to buy an hour from 列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约30个词的通顺文段：

In this passage，the writer mainly tells us about a little girl，who wanted to buy some time from her busy father so that he could accompany her.

请用约30个单词概述短文信息的主要内容。

Once there lived a very rich and powerful king.All the people in his kingdom were afraid of him.But was he happy? No，he was always ill and unhappy.His money and power could not help him.The doctor in his kingdom could not cure him，either.He was so angry with them that he had their heads cut off. One day two famous doctors from another kingdom came to his palace. “If you can cure me and make me happy，” said the king，“I will give you all the gold you can carry.”

The first doctor examined the king.He found nothing wrong with him so he said to the king，“You only think you are ill and that makes yourself unhappy.” The king was very angry when he heard this.He told his soldiers to cut off the doctor’s head.

The second doctor knew he had to be careful.“Oh，king.You will be well if you wear the shoes of a man who is always happy.”he said.The king was pleased with his answer and thought that the doctor was very wise.He gave the doctor a bag of gold.

The king asked hundreds of people if they were always happy.They all said they were sometimes happy and sometimes sad.At last he met a beggar who said that he was always happy.

“Give me your shoes quickly，”said the king.“And I will make you a very rich man.” The beggar laughed，“I am sorry，”he answered，“I never wear shoes！” 【参考答案】

As the above story goes，the king，who was rich and powerful，was not happy at all while the beggar claimed he was always happy，indicating that wealth doesn’t mean happiness.

如何写说明文的概要

说明文通常会有明确的主题句，先抓住关键词，并根据各段落的主题，有序地组织语言，完整地表达出文章的中心内容。如果是分析型说明文，概括时要找出文

章所说明的现象、产生的原因及解决的方法或建议，然后用自己的话将这些信息重组起来。

请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。Urban public bike service

isn’t

a

new

phenomenon.Government-sponsored__public__bike__systems__have__been__introduced__into__many__cities__in__China.Mobikea__new__kind__of__public__bike__rental__service，，started__in__Shanghai__and__has__expanded__to__Beijing. People can use this service by scanning the QR code(二维码) on the bike to unlock the smart lock.The standard cost of this service is 1 yuan per 30 minutes.Users can pay with popular mobile payment methods such as Alipay and WeChat.Mobike now has more than 10，000 bikes in Shanghai，allowing most riders to find a bike anywhere within a diameter(直径) of 300 meters.Many people ride a Mobike for a short trip，such as from home to the subway，subway to the work place or to a grocery store.Experts say Mobike is a good supplement(补充) to the public bike rental service since city people are now fond of “Green Riding”，and environmentally-friendly means of transportation.Just because of this，the__company__providing__the__service__is__increasing__the__number__by__hundred__every__day. [材料分析] 短文的开头和结尾(画线句)为中心句。 【参考答案】

Mobike，a new kind of public bike rental service，has been put into use in Shanghai and Beijing.With their great favour with city people，more Mobikes will be available in the future.

请用约30个单词写出下文概要。

A pair of British researchers said Monday they had worked out a simple equation(方程式) to quantify (量化) happiness that could put an exact figure on the emotional state.