2020高考英语新课标大二轮辅导专题三 阅读理解3-6第六讲词义猜测题

第二步：根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

猜测词义离不开上下文语境，所以可以根据上下文语境对画线词进行合乎逻辑的推断。猜测tipping points的意思，根据 “such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or west Antarctica” 可知，tipping points 在文中的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义， 选项C为正确答案。

[答案] C

二、句意猜测题的审题、解题流程 [第一步] 依据题干信息，定位关键句子

句意猜测题一般是对文章某一句子的内容的考查，且题目相对直接，所以不必通读细读全文，可通过题干信息来选择定位关键句。

[第二步] 根据上下文语境进行猜测

猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。

[典例] (2015·浙江卷)In 2004, when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were united in their desire for a dog. As for me, I shared none of their canine lust.

But why, they pleaded. “Because I don't have time to take care of a dog.”But we'll do it. “Really? You're going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog？” Yes, yes, and yes. “I don't believe you.”We will. We promise.

They didn't. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large), she calculated , “The_medium_one_is_the_sucker_in_the_pack.”

Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)?

A．“The middle-aged person loves me most.” B．“The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”

C．“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.” D．“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.” [解析] 第一步：依据题干信息，定位关键句子

仔细阅读题干可知，“The medium one is the sucker in the pack .”为问题的核心信息，即为本题的定位关键句子。

第二步：根据上下文语境进行猜测

通过分析上下文语境，用合适的语句对其进行解释。由画线句前面的内容可知，画线句是以小狗的口吻说的。结合上下文可知，爸爸、妈妈、女儿对应large, medium, small, 而照顾小狗的任务由妈妈承担，故选项D为正确答案。

[答案] D

三、代词指代题的审题、解题流程 [第一步] 依据题干信息，定位关键词语

代词指代题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对直接，所以不必通读细读全文，可通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的代词。

[第二步] 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

英语文章中的代词one，it，that，them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。

[典例] (2016·四川卷)His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.

What does the underlined word “it”in this paragraph refer to?

A．The modern French lifestyle. B．The self-supporting hunting. C．The uncivilized world. D．The French Republic.

[解析] 第一步：依据题干信息，定位关键词语

仔细阅读题干可知， it为问题的核心信息，即为本题的定位关键信息。 第二步：根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

“it”为关键词，指代上文出现的名词，即指前面的 “the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”，故选项A为正确答案。

[答案] A

Step4 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度

A

(2019·长春实验高中期末考试) Let's face it. No one drinks diet sodas for the taste. People drink diet sodas in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it. Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect, according to a new study.

Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn't drink diet sodas.“What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain，” said Sharon Fowler.

The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the participants were followed for nearly 10 years.

While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations.

Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet sodas, they don't lose weight at all.

“We weren't seeing weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us，”said Rogers.

So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet sodas, and so over-compensate(补偿) for the missing calories.

A related study found some sweeteners(甜味剂) raised blood sugar levels in some mice.“Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky，” said Helen P. Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas's school of medicine.“They_ may be free of calories, but not of consequences.”

语篇解读：文章讲述了喝苏打水不能让人减肥，反而可能让人更胖，并分析了原因。 1．People drink diet sodas to ____________. A．enjoy its taste C．stay in fashion

B．achieve weight loss D．gain more energy

[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段People drink diet sodas in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it.可知选B。

[答案] B

2．The new study suggests that drinking diet sodas ____________. A．causes people to become heavier B．helps people to be healthier C．makes people much thinner D．offers people more calories

[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain.可知选A。

[答案] A

3．We can learn from the passage that ____________. A．regular sodas make people lose more weight B．diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food C．diet sodas do help reduce calories D．most blood diseases come from diet sodas

[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet sodas, and so

over-compensate(补偿) for the missing calories.可知选C。

[答案] C

4．The underlined word “They”in the last paragraph probably refers to “____________”． A．sweeteners

B．diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers C．sodas

D．diet sodas and artificial sweeteners

[解析] 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段可知They指代前面提及的diet sodas and artificial sweeteners.可知选D。

[答案] D

B

(2019·江西景德镇期中质量检测)Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive(欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.

For example , some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(彩票) . It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars！” This guy's a winner , right? Maybe , maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He's really a big loser!

He didn't say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That's called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.

Some politicians often use this trick. Let's say that during Governor Smith's last term，her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith's term, the state lost one million jobs！”That's true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith's term , the state had a net_gain of two million jobs.”

Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It's against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.”It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.

This kind of deception happens too often. It's a sad fact of life ：Lies are lies , and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

语篇解读：本文为议论文。你知道那些用真相骗人的人们吗？当某人告诉你某事是真的，但是略去了应在里面的重要信息，他能给你一个错误的图画。一些人、一些政客和一些广告商都会用真相说谎。谎言是谎言，有时真相也撒谎。

5．How much did the lottery winner lose? A．One hundred dollars. B．Two hundred dollars. C．Three hundred dollars. D．Four hundred dollars.

[解析] 细节理解题。从文章第二、三段的I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票)．和We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets可知这个中奖者买了200美元的彩票，赢了100美元，实际上他输了100美元，并不是真正的赢家，故选A。

[答案] A