兰州智能公交监控与调度系统研究说明书

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more people to travel by public transport directly reduces vehicle emissions and consequently air pollution. Environmental monitoring and evaluation of various environmental parameters are becoming especially important, in order to quantify the effects of polices and programmes. Most of the services listed in the previous section are relevant for tackling environmental problems. Among specific applications, access control can protect particularly sensitive and vulnerable areas; while flexible Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) can charge drivers more for driving at times of high pollution risk. Distance-based lorry road user charging makes it possible to charge the most directly damaging vehicles for their use of the infrastructure. 1.4. Productivity and operational efficiency

ITS can make transport operations more efficient. Fleet management systems can reduce administrative and operational costs and deliver substantial improvements in productivity, e.g. by enabling reliable journey time calculations and just-in-time delivery; and using positioning and communications technologies to enable the most effective deployment of drivers and vehicles. Electronic pre-clearance (including across borders), compliance checks and weigh-inmotion are major time savers. Wider benefits include more rational use of the highway infrastructure, reduced congestion and pollution, and less risk of accdents due to monitoring vehicle and driver condition. Relevant ITS services include: ? Fleet management;

? Computer-aided dispatch (CAD); ? Automatic vehicle location (AVL); ? Automatic cargo tracking; ? Electronic pre-clearance; ? Vehicle compliance checking; ? Driver monitoring. 1.5. Comfort factors

Users of any transportation system need to feel comfortable, confident and secure. Route confirmation, journey time estimates and clear advice on approaching interchanges and connections all play their part. Speed controls, ramp metering, advance incident and congestion warnings, and alternative route guidance can make road journeys easier and less stressful. Facilities such as multimedia systems that provide both entertainment and navigation can

do this too. Public transport users also expect high standards of comfort, convenience and service.

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needed to improve public transport. Relevant ITS services include: ? Real-time traffic and public transport information; ? Dynamic route guidance; ? Automatic vehicle location (AVL);

? Smartcard payment systems for toll highway and public transport use. 2. Estimation of ITS implementation in foreign countries and in Lithuania

ITS can provide the real-time passenger information, automated scheduling and priority systems

Estimation of ITS implementation situation in foreign countries and in Lithuania is shown in Table 1. 3. ITS vision

ITS vision is: to consider certain aspects of ITS services, to make a strategic development plan and ITS architecture mostly adequate to the demands of clients. ITS deployment is a new input to the partnership relations between different interests of various transport mo-des, between different administrative levels and business environment and population sectors . Development of ITS market depends very much on partnership relations.

ITS in Lithuania does not mean a separate Lithuanian system. It is a process of implementation of the achievements of logistics and telematics. ITS vision consists in the timely delivery of available range of services to the clients’ business. At the same time ITS services should guarantee the best terms of cost. ITS vision includes:

? Creating an active safety system in road transport;

? Creating the national road database (network, pervasion of vehicles, etc.); ? Creating the data accumulation system and transport database;

? Databases related to transportation of danger-ous goods by road vehicles; ? Possibility of free use of information during the travel time; ? Reduction of congestion in public transport.

Positive and negative factors. Processes of creating of national ITS architecture, as well as introduction of ITS in transport, encounter various kinds of problems that have to be solved. Such problems are:

? Considerably low level of technical and organisational knowledge in this field; ? Low-level political and public awareness and support;

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? Uncertain financing from public and private sources; ? Difficulties of interinstitutional cooperation.

Positive factors – urban and regional communities and society are more and more aware of the advantages given by application of solutions of Intelligent Transport Systems in terms of efficiency, safety and environment safety. However it is important to have in mind that ITS alone are not able to solve urban transport problems in full. They can create valuable packages of instruments enabling a significant reduction of such problems. It should be noted that for further general development it is extremely important to have truthful information on ITS advantages that are

Table 1. Estimation of ITS situation in foreign countries and in Lithuania

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and on the organisation methods of their wide propagation.

Existing practical examples of foreign experience should be used in the planning and dissemination of ITS development strategy. This should be applied in the fields with the largest local and regional demand, such as:

? Management of traffic data and its accumulation technologies; ? Urban traffic control;

? Public transport control and scheduling; ? Real-time information in public transport.

4. The overall conclusions of SWOT analysis of ITS deployment in Lithuania

The SWOT analysis of ITS deployment in Lithuania enables us to make the following