英语（二）串讲讲义

Forbes is a former actress whose current career is teaching her two sons. Her son Allen is dyslexic（有诵读困难的）. She 32 C him out of public school six years ago because she felt teachers weren‘t helping him enough.

Other parents want to give their kids the chance to follow their 33 G rather than a textbook. Outside Los Angeles, Nancy Kinsey‘s kids are studying bats right now. They study everything from their diet to their wing span（翼展） to the specifics of their natural habitat. They have even built a bat house in the backyard, and this task 34 A many hours of practical math problems.

There are also parents who choose home schooling to solve what they think is a short-term problem and find a long-term challenge. Eric and Joyce Burgess 35 F home schooling nearly a decade ago after their son Eric Jr. had a disastrous year at a famous high school. It was a(n) 36 K at first; neither is a professional teacher. But as Eric Jr.‘s confidence 37 B at home, so did Joyce‘s, and she now teaches her other kids at home as well.

While there are no national statistics, researchers who study home schooling estimate that 1.5 million youngsters are currently being taught 38 H by their mothers and fathers. That‘s five times the number of homeschoolers just a decade ago and bigger than the nation‘s largest public-school system of New York City. The 39 E is especially remarkable（非凡的，卓越的，不寻常的） in an era of two-income families, since it requires one parent to stay home at some financial sacrifice.

Despite all the advantages of home schooling, it is not a(n) 40 J job. Home schooling is not something you should rush into; it is a commitment that has to be followed through.

小贴士：把词分类，然后根据所缺的句子成分去分析所需的词类，可以大大缩小备选范围，从而提高正确率。

Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 2） A. wonders E. always I. already B. doubt F. successful J. treasure

C. come G. careful K. praise

D. begins H. single L. offers 解题方法：把词分类

动词 名词 形容词 副词 A. wonders A. wonders F. careful E. always B. doubt B. doubt G. careful I. already C. come J. treasure H. single D. begins K. praise J. treasure L. offers K. praise L. offers The Power of Positive Words in the Family

1 As a writer and psychotherapist (心理医师), I have been using words carefully most of my life. While counseling a husband and wife, I notice that a (31)___H___ word can stir their emotions and take their conversation to a dark place that they both know is negative.

2 World peace (32)___D___ with peace in the family. As a therapist治疗师, I‘ve heard many adults recite hurtful words they heard decades ago from a parent or a brother or sister. Care in speaking to children requires a degree of self-possession, the ability to see past the blind emotion of the moment to the needs of the child. Good words (33) ___C___ from that greater vision.

3 For example, words of extreme praise can do (34) ___A___ for the injured ego (自我) of a child or spouse. Sometimes it‘s helpful to give words to what is usually left unspoken. ―I appreciate what you did for me. I‘m happy that you‘re with me.‖ Simple, direct and heart-felt words of (35) ___K___, appreciation and gratitude often go unsaid, when they could be a handy便利的，手边的 means of healing. Words hurt and words heal.

4 Every day (36) ___L___ opportunities to say words of encouragement and recognition. No matter how strong or (37) ___F___ we are, we all need such words. But often they may seem unnecessary. My rule is: if the thought occurs to me to say something supportive, I say it. You can never speak too often in praise and appreciation. You can also receive that praise, when it comes, gracefully – with words. ―Thank you for saying that. I need to hear that.‖

5 A friend of our family, an intelligent, progressive Catholic priest, (38) ___E___ praises our children to the skies. He is very extreme in his language, and everyone knows he overdoes it with his praise. But we all love to see him, and we (39) ___J___ his friendship. We don‘t need realism and moderation（适度）from such a friend.

6 Everywhere today, marriage partners and children are in distress在困境中. I have no (40) ___B___ that one simple solution would be to offer them words of support. When used with care, language can be therapeutic治疗的，有益于健康的. Even, and maybe especially, when a person is being difficult and aggressive, words of understanding and affirmation, realistic and felt, can often help.

Passage 3 （选自Self-Assessment 3）

A. socially E. terrifying C. capacity

B. victims F. quality J. dropped

C. approach G. raised K. interview D. expansion H. soared L. companion 解题方法：把词分类

动词 名词 形容词 副词 C. approach B. victims E. terrifying A. socially G. raised C. approach H. soared D. expansion J. dropped F. quality K. interview I. capacity K. interview L. companion（同伴，朋友，在这里引申为“成对的物品之一”）

The Price of Progress

1 ―We‘ve become the (31)___B___ of our own success,‖ Dr. Jackson said of the public health mission that cleared cities of congested拥挤不堪的 slums. ―By living far from where we work, we reduced crowding and improved the (32) ___F___ of our air and water, which drove down rates of infectious disease.‖ But as people have moved farther and farther from where they work, shop and socialize, the rates of chronic diseases have (33) ___G___. 2 Public transportation has not kept pace with the (34) ___D___ of suburbs and exurbs（远郊）. Nor are there enough sidewalks, nearby parks and safe places to walk, cycle or play outdoors in many, if not most, towns. Parents spend hours in cars getting to and from work; children are bused or driven to and from school; and those who can‘t drive must depend on others o take them everywhere or risk becoming (35) ___A___ isolated.

3 In 1974, 66 percent of all children walked or biked to school. By 2000, that number had (36) ___J___ to 13 percent. ―Children who grow up in suburbia（郊区） can‘t meet their life needs without getting a ride somewhere,‖ Dr. Jackson said. ―The average teen in suburbia says it‘s boring.‖

4 His new book, ―Designing Healthy Communities,‖ a(n) (37) ___L___ piece to a coming public television series即将播出的电视系列片, says: ―When there is nearly nothing within walking distance to interest a young person and it is near-lethal to bicycle, he or she must give up autonomy – a(n) (38) ___I___ every creature must develop just as

much as strength and endurance.‖ He book was written with Stacy Sinclair, director of education at the Media Policy centre in Santa Monica, Calif.

5 ―We‘ve engineered physical activity out of children‘s lives,‖ Dr. Jackson said in a(n) ___K___. ―Only a quarter of the children in California can pass a basic fitness test, and two in seven volunteers for the military can‘t get in because they‘re not in good enough physical condition.‖

6 The health consequences, he said, are (40) ___E___. Not only are Americans of all ages fatter than ever, but also growing numbers of children are developing diseases once seen only in adults: Type 2 diabetes（糖尿病），heart disease and fatty livers（脂肪肝）.

第六部分：完形补文（第41～50题，每题1.5分，共15分）

下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

本题的做题方法基本和上一题型思路一致，分析句子成分是关键。现主要讲构词法。

英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这种规律称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。

构词法主要有三种：派生法、合成法和转换法。 一、派生法

在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法。词缀分为前缀和后缀。 （一）后缀：许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。 1.构成名词的常用后缀有：

（1）-er, -or, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。

如:writer, translator, trainee, employee, scientist, physicist, musician, physician, Italian, Asian, Chinese, assistant等。

（2）-ance, -ence, -(a)tion, -sion, -al, -ing, -ity, -ment, -th, -ty, -ure, -ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。

如：acceptance, assistance, dependence, confidence, repetition, preparation, discussion, division, arrival, survival（务必区分survivor和survival）, approval, disapproval, building, reality, simplicity, ability, rapidity, regularity, argument, warmth, length, growth, safety, leadership, failure, pressure, friendship等。 （3）其他名词后缀：-hood, -ness, -ology, -phy。

如：childhood, neighborhood（附近，街坊）, motherhood（母性，母亲身份）, kindness, happiness, sadness, biology, psychology, philosophy, geography

2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -y, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en等。

如：available, suitable, valuable（注意联想invaluable, valueless, priceless）, responsible, natural, national, powerful, helpful, faithful, successful, fearless, useless, helpless, selfless, selfish, childish, decisive, famous, continuous, African, American, European, scientific, historic, friendly, lively, thirsty, noisy, pleasant, dependent, consistent（一贯的）, imaginary, golden, wooden等。 3. 构成动词的常用后缀有：-ise/ize, -en, -ify等。

如：modernize, realize, widen, strengthen, beautify, modify（修饰）等。

4. 构成副词的后缀有：-ly, -ward(s), -wise。例如：completely, rarely, truly, simply, backward(s), forward(s), clockwise, likewise同样地

补充：绝大部分形容词变为副词时直接加ly，但也有特例。

关于形容词变副词现强调以下几点：

（1）形容词是“-le”结尾的，先去掉e，然后直接加y。例如：simply, possibly, subtly。

（2）形容词是“辅音字母加y”结尾的，先把y变成i，然后再加ly。例如：luckily, heavily。 （3）形容词是“l”结尾的，直接加ly。例如：finally, eventually, successfully。 （4）true – truly （二）前缀

1. 表示相反意义的前缀有：un-, dis, -in, -im, -ir, -il, -de等。 如：unhappy, unreasonable, uncomfortable, uncover（揭露）, unload（卸货）, dislike（注意比较unlike）, dishonest, disagree, informal, inaccurate, inactive, imbalanced, impossible, immobile, irregular, irresponsible, illegal, illogical, devalue（贬值）等。

2. 表示其他意思的前缀有：

anti-: 表示―反‖，―反对‖ antisocial 反社会的 anto-: 表示―自己的‖ autobiography 自传 bi-: 表示―二‖ bicycle 自行车；bilingual 双语的 bio-: 表示―生物的‖ biology 生物学；biochemical 生化的 co-: 表示―共同‖ cooperate 合作；co-existence 共存，共处 counter-: 表示―相反‖，―反对‖ counterattack 反击 de-: 表示―除去‖，表示否定 decompose 分解；defrost 除霜 en-: 表示―使‖，―使处于……状态‖ enable, enrich, enlarge, endanger

inter-: 表示―在……之间‖，―互相‖ international 国际的；interpersonal 人际的 kilo-: 表示―千‖ kilometer 公里，kilogram公斤 mal-: 表示―错误‖，―坏‖ malfunction 出故障，失灵；malnutrition 营养不良；

maltreat / mistreat虐待

mid-: 表示―中间‖ midnight 午夜；midday 中午 mini-: 表示―极小的‖，―极短的‖ minibus 小型公共汽车，面包车；miniskirt 超短裙 mis-: 表示―错误的‖ misunderstand 误解；mistake non-: 表示否定 nonstop 不停的；non-defective 没有缺陷的；non-smoker非烟民 post-: 表示―后‖，―以后‖ postwar 战后的；postdoctor 博士后 pre-: 表示―在……之前‖ preview 预习；predict 预言 re-: 表示―再‖，―重新‖ rewrite 重写；review 复习；retell 复述 sub-: 表示―在……下面‖ subway 地铁；submarine 潜水艇 super-: 表示―超级的‖ superman; supermarket tele-: 表示―远距离的‖ telephone; telescope 望远镜；telegram 电报 tri-: 表示―三‖ tricycle under-: 表示―在……之下‖，―不足‖ underestimate; understatement

二、合成法

如：output, by-product, duty-free, undergo, overthrow 推翻 三、转换法

词形不变，单词的词性发生转变。如：dream, look, back等。

特别强调：易混淆或拼错的重要单词及其变化形式： mystery-mysterious misery-miserable benefit-beneficial