四级英语词根词缀一览

（附件） 六级基本语法讲义 ———— 词缀（前缀+后缀）VS. 词类

【区别一下单词的发音和不同词性】会发现重音的位置能决定词类及其意思Record Dis’count De’sert Ex’port Con’duct Ex’tract Con’flict Im’port Con’test Increase Con’vict Insult Di’gest Perfume

【有的词类 通过改变词尾的清浊音来改变词类】 名词 动词 Advice advise Relief relieve Belief believe Use Excuse excuse Bath bathe

【词语的派生是构词中的一个重要的方法，派生词多数是由词根和后缀构成】 一、名词后缀常包括以下：

Permit Pre’sent Pro’test Re’bel Sus’pect

Proof prove Close

-er -者thinker harvesterpainkiller can-opener teacher painter cleaner farmer writer fighter reporter

boxer runner player dancer singer swimmer

-or -员actor sailor conductor director visitor author monitor

-ist -家 scientist dentist Buddhist artist biologist psychologist chemist -ee -人员referee employee examinee intervieweetrainee/trainer -ess -员 waitress actress hostess lioness

-ian -工/师 librarian musician magician physician technician electrician -ese -人 ChineseTaiwanese Japanese Vietnamese -ant -人员inhabitant contestant protestant

-ism -风格/主义Romanticism Realism communism capitalism criticism impressionism -ness illness happiness greatness coldness

-tion dictationpreparationexceptionexpectation repetition -ment judgment argument movement government -ion expansion dictation preparation exception repetition -ing building feeling painting wedding opening -Ship leadership friendship scholarship hardship

-Hood childhood falsehoodlikelihood motherhoodNeighborhood brotherhood -Age storage leakage shortage

-ure failure pressure pleasure -dom freedom kingdom

-ty loyalty cruelty safety penalty -ity activity reality humidity possibility -Y modesty difficulty discovery -th truth warmth health length -al refusal denial approval arrival

-ance acceptanceallowance assistance reliance -ence dependence confidence difference reference -ful mouthful handful

-ry jewelry bribery slavery

-eer engineer mountaineer profiteer -let booklet leaflet starlet

二、形容词的后缀：

-ful cheerful useful grateful faithful -less fearlesscareless homeless- hopelesss -ish childish reddish Swedish selfish -ive active collective decisive destructive

-ous courageous famous continuous enormous -able acceptable agreeable applicable comfortable -ible sensible contemptible responsible -ic realistic poetic historic energetic -ant ignorant significant observant

-ly friendly lovely lively leisurely daily timely

-al critical accidental continual exceptional -y rainy handy thirsty dirty

-entdifferent dependent consistent obedient -ary imaginary revolutionary secondary -some trouble some tiresome

-like childlike womanlike warlike manlike -en golden wooden earthen woolen -ate fortunate passionate

-amEuropean indian AmericanCanadian

三、动词的后缀： 四、副词： -ize realize normalize modernize mechanize -ly Really happily simply terribly -en widen hasten strengthen -ward forward backward eastward homeward -ify simplify beautify amplify diversify -wise likewise otherwise

五、数词： teen ty th

【前缀一般不会造成词类的转变，而只引起意思上的变化，有相当一部分的前缀会构成反义词】

-un 不 unhappy untureuncomfortableunfortunate 做相反的动作 undress undo unpack unload Dis 不 dislike dishonest disagree 做相反的动作 disinfect disconnect

In 不 informal inaccurate inconvenient Im 不 immoral impolite impossible Ir 不irregular irresponsibleirresistible

Re- 重新 retell regain redesign rewrite.

Mis- 错误的 misspell misinform misunderstand Co- 共同的 coexist cooperate coincidence

Counter- 反 counterattack counterpart counterstrike Anti- 反 antitank antifascist anti-chemical anticraft Over- 过于 overdo over-estimate oversimplify Under 不够/ 朝下的 underestimate undermine Ex 前 ex-husbandex-president

Pre 预先，之前的prefabricate preschool

Post 后post-war post-election post-graduate Fore 预先，前 foretell foreleg forefront Self sel-employed self-service

Super 超级的 superman supermarket

Sub 下面的 subway subconscious submarine Inter 相互的 internationalinteract

Tele 远距离的 telescope telephone television Trans 跨越，移动 transatlantic transplant

Micro 微小的 microfilm microbiology microcomputer Mini 小型的 minibus miniskirt minicab Hyper 超、过分 hypersensitive hyperactive Semi 半 semicirclesemi-final semi-conductor Vice 副 vice-premier vice-chairman vice-president Bi双 bicycle bilingual Tri 三tricycle triangle

Multi 多multi-racial multi-national

Auto 自动的automationautonomousautobiography