化工本科毕业论文完整版

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

聚氨酯合成原料研究进展

摘 要

主要综述了目前国内外最基本聚氨酯合成的原料及其特点以及聚氨酯的品种类型和聚氨酯产品的主要应用。包括了聚氨酯粘胶剂、聚氨酯涂料、聚氨酯泡沫塑料、聚氨酯合成革、聚氨酯密封胶、聚氨酯纤维、聚氨酯橡胶及聚氨酯漆等。另外还对它们在生活中各方面的具体使用做了概述。涵盖了聚氨酯的合成原理、合成方法及合成工艺。并对合成聚氨酯原料的性质、用途、合成方法进行了研究讨论。对我国聚氨酯的发展状况及其发展领域分布作了分析。同时对世界聚氨酯及其原料工业的现状及进展有所描述。

关键词：聚氨酯，原料，合成，应用，进展

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洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

Pu synthetic raw material research progress

ABSTRACT

The paper mainly describes the basic synthesis at home and abroad and its characteristics of polyurethane materials and polyurethane breed type and the main application of polyurethane products. Including the polyurethane adhesive, polyurethane coating, polyurethane foam plastics, pu synthetic leather, pu sealants, polyurethane fiber, polyurethane rubber and polyurethane paints. In addition to them in the life all aspects of the concrete use is given. Covers the polyurethane synthesis theory, synthesis method and synthetic process. And polyurethane materials to the properties, applications and synthetic methods are studied discussion. The development of our country the status and development of polyurethane field distribution was analyzed. Meanwhile to the world of its raw material industry polyurethane described present situation and development.

KEY WORDS: polyurethane, raw materials, application, polyurethane, progress

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洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

目 录

前 言 ................................................................................................ 1 第1章 概述 ...................................................................................... 2

1.1聚氨酯发展简史 .................................................................... 2 1.2聚氨酯的类型品种 ................................................................ 3

1.2.1聚氨酯粘胶剂 .............................................................. 3 1.2.2聚氨酯涂料 .................................................................. 4 1.2.3聚氨酯泡沫塑料 .......................................................... 5 1.2.4聚氨酯合成革 .............................................................. 5 1.2.5聚氨酯密封胶 .............................................................. 5 1.2.6聚氨酯纤维 .................................................................. 6 1.2.7聚氨酯漆 ...................................................................... 7 1.2.8聚氨酯橡胶 .................................................................. 7

第2章 聚氨酯合成原料 ................................................................... 9

2.1 异氰酸酯 ............................................................................... 9

2.1.1甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI) ................................................. 9 2.1.2二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI) .................................. 10 2.1.3多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI) .......................... 12 2.1.4异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI） ................................. 12 2.1.5其它异氰酸酯 (HDI等) ............................................ 13 2.2多元醇 ................................................................................. 13

2.2.1聚酯多元醇 ................................................................ 14 2.2.2聚醚多元醇 ................................................................ 14 2.3扩链剂 ................................................................................. 16 2.4催化剂 ................................................................................. 17 2.5助剂 ..................................................................................... 17 第3章 合成方法与工艺 ................................................................. 19

3.1聚氨酯合成方法 .................................................................. 19

3.1.1两步法合成工艺 ........................................................ 19

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洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

3.1.2一步法合成工艺 ........................................................ 20 3.2聚氨酯合成原理 .................................................................. 21 第4章 聚氨酯应用 ......................................................................... 22

4.1日常生活中的应用 .............................................................. 22 4.2各种聚氨酯材料的具体应用............................................... 22 第5章 世界聚氨发展及其原料工业的现状及进展 ...................... 26

5.1聚氨酯是有发展前途的合成材料 ....................................... 26

5.1.1市场分析和进展 ........................................................ 26 5.1.2原料工业现状 ............................................................ 27 5.1.3中国聚氨酯工业现状 ................................................ 29 5.1.4我国国内PU区域分布格局将逐渐形成 .................. 29 5.2可再生原料生产聚氨酯将成必然趋势 ............................... 30 结 论 .............................................................................................. 31 谢 辞 ................................................................................................ 32 参考文献 .......................................................................................... 34 附 录 .............................................................................................. 35 外文资料翻译 .................................................................................. 36

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