智能门禁系统设计本科毕业论文

西南科技大学本科生毕业论文 I

智能门禁系统设计

摘要：随着射频技术的飞速发展及其应用范围的越发宽广，在身份识别和安防等行业，门禁系统作为智能建筑的重要单元越来越得到重视，从原始的机械锁操作到如今刷卡的智能门禁系统。射频识别技术的出现弥补了原来门禁系统的不足，而且让门禁系统变的更加安全、便捷和实用。射频标签是采用非接触式，具有读写速度快、功耗低等优点。

本文设计了一种采用RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）技术的高安全性的智能门禁系统。首先分析了门禁系统的国内外发展现状和趋势，阐述了门禁系统当前存在的问题，引出课题研究目的和意义，给出了智能门禁系统设计方案，并对射频识别技术进行了阐述，研究了射频识别系统的工作原理、主要技术参数和相关的关键技术。其次完成了系统硬件和软件设计，对硬件电路芯片的选择、硬件驱动程序的设计、串口通讯程序的设计等作出了具体详细的分析。

最后对智能门禁系统进行检测，当使用者进入门禁系统的检测范围时，系统会自动获取身份信息确定该使用者是不是授权用户，并且记录进出人员信息，对非授权用户发出报警信号。经试验测试，达到设计要求。

关键词：RFID；智能门禁；IC卡；STC89C52

Design of intelligent access control system

西南科技大学本科生毕业论文 II

Abstract：With the rapid development of radio frequency (RFID) technology and its application more and more broad, in the identification and security industries, access control system as an important element of intelligent building more and more importance has been attached to the, from the original mechanical lock operation to today's credit card intelligent access control system. The emergence of radio frequency identification technology has made up the shortage of the original access control system, and makes access control system become more secure, convenient and practical.. Radio frequency tags are non-contact, read and write fast and low power consumption.

In this paper, a high security intelligent access control system is designed, which is based on RFID (Frequency Identification Radio) technology.. Begins with an analysis of the access control system of the domestic and foreign development status and trends, describes the problems existed in current access control system, leads to the purpose and significance of the topic research, based on the design scheme of the intelligent entrance guard system, and on the radio frequency identification technology is discussed in this paper, introduces the radio frequency identification system, the working principle, main technical parameters and related key technologies. Secondly, the hardware and software design of the system are introduced, the choice of hardware circuit, the design of the hardware driver, the design of serial communication program, etc..

Finally, summary the paper, summarizes the research contents and results of this paper, when the user enters the detection range of access control system, the system will automatically obtain identity information to identify the user is not authorized to the user, and records and personnel information, to non authorized user sends out the alarm signal. The project also needs to improve the place, and the prospect of the development of RFID technology.

Key words： STC89C52, IC card, LCD1602, intelligent access control

西南科技大学本科生毕业论文 III

目 录

第1章 绪 论 ................................................................ 1

1.1 课题研究的背景及意义 ....................................................... 1 1.2 国内外技术的发展现状 ....................................................... 1 1.3 设计的主要目标任务 ......................................................... 2 1.4 本章小结 ................................................................... 3

第2章 门禁系统总体方案设计 .................................................. 4

2.1 系统设计原理 ............................................................... 4 2.2 硬件方案的选择 ............................................................. 4 2.2.1主控制芯片的选择 ......................................................... 4 2.2.2 显示模块的选择 .......................................................... 5 2.2.3电源电路的比较与选择 ..................................................... 5 2.2.4 键盘输入模块的选择 ...................................................... 5 2.2.5电子锁门禁驱动器件的选择 ................................................. 6 2.2.6 数据存储芯片的选择 ...................................................... 7 2.3 系统的软件设计 ............................................................. 7 2.3.1 RFID通讯协议 ............................................................ 7 2.3.2 RFID读写器 .............................................................. 7 2.3.3 软件开发环境 ............................................................ 8 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................... 8

第3章 门禁系统的硬件设计 .................................................... 10

3.1 单片机最小系统设计 ......................................................... 10 3.1.1 STC89C52单片机介绍 ...................................................... 10 3.1.2 51最小系统电路设计 ...................................................... 10 3.2 IC卡原理及驱动电路设计 .................................................... 12 3.2.1 Mifare射频卡技术参数 ...................................................... 12 3.2.2 IC卡内部结构介绍 ........................................................ 12 3.2.3 IC卡读写过程 ............................................................ 14 3.2.4单片机与IC卡读卡模块接口电路设计 ........................................ 15 3.3 键盘电路设计 .............................................................. 15

西南科技大学本科生毕业论文 IV

3.3.1 键盘识别原理 ............................................................ 15 3.3.2 键盘电路及键盘按键定义 .................................................. 16 3.4 电子锁门禁继电器驱动电路设计 ............................................... 16 3.4.1 继电器介绍 .............................................................. 16 3.4.2 继电器驱动电路设计 ...................................................... 17 3.5 LCD1602液晶显示电路设计 .................................................... 18 3.5.1 LCD1602液晶介绍 ......................................................... 18 3.5.2 单片机与LCD1602液晶接口介绍 ............................................. 18 3.6 本章小结 ................................................................... 19

第4 章 系统的软件设计 ......................................................... 20

4.1 系统总程序设计 ............................................................. 20 4.2 IC卡读写子程序设计 ......................................................... 21 4.3 键盘扫描程序的设计 ......................................................... 22 4.5 LCD1602液晶显示子程序 ...................................................... 22 4.6 电子锁门禁开关子程序设计 ................................................... 23 4.7 报警子程序设计 ............................................................. 24 4.8 本章小结 ................................................................... 24

第5 章 门禁系统的调试 ......................................................... 25

5.1 门禁系统模拟调试 ........................................................... 25 5.1.1 单片机软件模拟调试 ...................................................... 25 5.1.2 单片机硬件模拟调试 ...................................................... 27 5.2 系统硬件焊接与调试 ......................................................... 27 5.3 功能验证 ................................................................... 28 5.4 本章小结 ................................................................... 31

结论 .......................................................................... 32 致谢 .......................................................................... 32 参考文献 ...................................................................... 34 附录1 电路图 .................................................................. 35 附录2 部分软件程序 ............................................................ 36