高中英语主谓一致

1．倒装句中的主谓一致

在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如： On the wall are some famous paintings．墙上有一些著名的画。 Between the two windows hangs a picture．两扇窗户间有一幅画。

2．表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。如： One and a half bananas is left on the table．桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。 One and a half hours is enough．一个半小时足够了。 3．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： A student or two has failed the exam．一两个学生考试不及格。 “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon． 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。

4．在“It+be+被强调部分+that／who...”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，that／who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。如： It is I who am a student．我是学生。

It is they who have worked there for five years．是他们在那儿工作了5年。

5．定语从句中，关系代词who，which，that等作主语时，其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。如：

Those who have seen the film please put up your hands．看过这部电影的人请举手。 The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman． 在会上讲话的人是我们的主席。

6．who，which，what等疑问代词及sueh作主语时，谓语动词要根据其后的名词表语来决定其单复数形式。如：

Who is the girl over there?那边的那个女孩是谁? Who are the girls over there?那边那些女孩子是谁?

Which is your book，this one or that one?哪本是你的书，这本还是那本? Such is my plan．这就是我的计划。 Such are his words．这就是他的话。 7．“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，用复数谓语。the majority单独作主语时，谓语既可用单数，也可用复数形式。如：

The majority of boys like football．大多数男孩喜爱足球。

The majority was／were in favour of banning smoking．大多数人支持禁烟。 The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio．多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。 8．“an average of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“平均有??”；“the average of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“??的平均数”。如： An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year． 每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观。

The average of 14，3 and 1 is 6．14，3和1的平均数是6。 9．“a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有??”；“the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“??的总数”。如：

A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信。 The total of letters received last month was 300．上个月收到的信总数是三百封。 10．当man(人类)，the world(世界上的人，人类)作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Only man knows how to cook．只有人类懂得烹饪。

Only man is capable of speech+只有人类才具有说话的能力。

All the world knows that the earth is round．世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。 11．“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。如： More members than one have protested against the plan． 反对这项提议的会员不止一个。

12．当many a...或more than one+名词作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍采取单数形式。如：

Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose． 许多人认为没有目的的生活是毫无意义的。

More than one person is involved in the matter．不止一人卷入到这件事中。

13．在“one+of／in／out of+复数名词”结构中，一般采用语法一致的原则，即用单数动词。如果one改成two，three等数词，谓语用复数。

One of the students in our class is from Tibet．我们班有一位学生来自西藏。 One in／out of twenty was badly damaged．每二十个中有一个严重受损。 Three in／out of ten students have failed in the exam． 每十个学生中就有三个考试不过关。

方法技巧清单

方法技巧

方法一 分清主语，用准谓语 1．主语后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，no less than，as much as等短语时，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。 2．动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3．确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语。

[例1] A perfect gift with many flowers _______ _to the beautiful girl． A．is sent B．are sent C．has sent D．has been sent [解析] 句子的真正主语为a perfect gift，所以谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式；根据题干大意此处要用现在完成时态。 [答案] D

[例2] In my opinion，What Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng _______ _good to our country’s international position．

A．did do does B．did does do C．does did do D．do do did [解析] 句子的主语是what引导的主语从句，即：what Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng did。谓语动词用单数，借助于助动词does强调谓语，后用动词原形do。 [答案] B

[例3] Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who _______ __looking at the foreigners in the air．

A．are B．is C．were D．was

[解析] 本句是倒装句，an old lady and a country girl是主句的主语，也是who引导的定语从句的先行词。定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。 [答案] C

方法二 分清并列连词

1．两个单数名词(主语)用and或both...and...连接时，谓语用复数，但要注意前后两个名词都带有冠词。

2.并列主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。

[例1] Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _______ __planning to go． A．is B．was C．are D．has been

[解析] 由连接词either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词必须和紧靠它的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。此题中的谓语动词应和Peter and Mary一致，故谓语动词用复数are，因此C是正确的。 [答案] C

[例2] The writer and the educator _______ __visited our school． A．have B．has C．had D. are

[解析] The writer and the educator是两个人，谓语动词用复数。句意：那位作家和那位教育家参观了我们的学校。如果换成The writer and educator，就是一个人了，即“那位作家兼教育家”，谓语动词用单数。 [答案] A

方法三 记熟一些习惯用法

1．“many a以及more than one+单数名词”作主语．谓语用单数。

2．“a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语用单数；而“one or two+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。

3．不定代词anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one，nothing等作主语，谓语用单数。

4．表示“时间、距离、价格”等复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 5．“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。

6．each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...等作主语时，谓语用单数。

7．“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语与of后的名词保持数的一致。

[例1] _______ _of the land in that district _______ __covered with trees and grass． A．Two fifth；is B．Two fifth；are C．Two fifths；is D．Two fifths；are [解析] 首先“五分之二”应为two fifths，故答案应为C、D中的一个；当“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持数的一致，这里的名词是the land。 [答案] C

[例2] The number of the students of this school _______ __large． A．are B．are not C．isn’t D．aren’t

[解析] 在“the number of+复数名词”的结构中，“of+复数名词”的介词短语作后置定语，the number是中心名词，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。 [答案] C

[例3] Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _______ __to visit the museum _______ _asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning． A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is；are

[解析] 本题是一个带有定语从句的复合句，定语从句修饰的是teachers，关系词在从句中作主语，应与先行词的数保持一致，故从句谓语用复数。句子主语是Every boy and every girl，当主语后面跟有with，together with，as well as等连接的词时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。every...and every...作主语，谓语用单数。 [答案] C 互动训练

1.1 The public _______ the best judge because the public always _______ _their thoughts. A. are；express B. is；express C. is；expresses D. are；expresses

1.2 I think Class One _______ __to win because Class One _______ _all football lovers. A. is likely; are B. are likely; are C. is likely; is D. are likely; is

1.3 While my family _______ _a small one, every one of us _______ __different hobbies. A. is; have B. are; has C. is; has D. are; have

1.4 Cattle _______ __well in the country market at present, according to the evening news. A. sell B. sells

C. is being sold D. will be sold

1.5 People who _______ __peace _______ _seeing a steady situation to seeing an unrest state.

A. loves; prefers B. love; prefer C. loved; prefer D. love; prefers

1.6 All the furniture in my office _______ __ made in Hong Kong. A. is B. are

C. were D. had been

1.7 Every means _______ ___to prevent the water from _______ __. A. are used; polluting B. get used; pollution C. is used; polluted

D. has been used; being polluted

1.8 All possible means _______ __to save the wounded soldier. A. have been tried B. is to be tried C. has been tried D. are trying

1.9 —The trousers _______ __you well. —But the colour _______ __me. A. fit; suit

B. fit; doesn’t suit C. fits; doesn’t suit D. fit; don’t suit

2.1 His“Selected Poems” _______ __in 1995. A. was first published B. were first published C. has been first published D. had first been published

2.2 The United States _______ _50 states. A. have B. has

C. is made up D. are in charge of

2.3 Different areas of the country _______ __ own customs. A. have their B. have its C. has their D. has its