浙江省建人高复2017届高三上学期第二次月考英语试题（含答案）

allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training. The other group lived in an “impoverished” environment in individual cages in a dimly lit room with little stimulation(刺激). At the end of the experiments, the results showed that the actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown that greater stimulation not only affects the size of the brain but also increases the number of connections between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessary stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum, which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.

24.Which of the following presents a particular challenge to researches who study play behavior in animals?

A.The delay between activities and the benefits the animals gets from them. B.The difficulty in determining which animal species play and which do not.

C.The fact that for most animals, there is no clear change from youth to full adulthood. D.The lack of research on the play behavior of animals other than dogs and monkeys.

25. According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPT _______ ?

A.Exposure to predators B. A buildup of fat stores

C. A loss of fuel that could be used for growth. D. Risk of injury from slipping or falling.

26. Why does the author include the comment “though they were fed the same diets”

A. To show why rats living in impoverished environments need less food than those living in enriched environments.

B. To get rid of the possibility that differences in diet were responsibly for observed differences in brain weight.

C. To emphasize the point that rats fed the same diet only the amount of food needed to keep them alive.

D. To suggest that rats fed the same diet have smaller brains than those fed a varied food.

C

By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet it remained tremendously important. It served as the primary source of heat for all homes and industries and as a basic raw material.

As this early energy crisis grew worse, Britain looked toward its abundant and widely scattered reserves of coal as an alternative to its vanishing wood. Coal was first used in Britain in the late Middle Ages as a source of heat. By 1640 most homes in London were heated with it, and it also provided heat for making beer, glass, soap, and other products. Coal was not used, however, to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. It was there that coal’s potential was enormous.

As more coal was produced, mines were dug deeper and deeper and were constantly filling with water. Mechanical pumps, usually powered by hundreds of horses walking in circles at the surface, had to be installed. Such power was expensive and bothersome. In an attempt to overcome these disadvantages, Thomas Savery in 1698 and Thomas Newcomen in 1705 invented the first primitive steam engines. Both engines were extremely inefficient. Both burned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump. However, by the early 1770s, many of the Savery engines and hundreds of the Newcomen engines were operating successfully, though inefficiently, in English and Scottish mines.

In the early 1760s, a gifted young Scot named James Watt was drawn to a critical study of the steam engine. Watt was employed at the time by the University of Glasgow as a skilled crafts worker making scientific instruments. In 1763, Watt was called on to repair a Newcomen engine being used in a physics course. After a series of observations, Watt saw that the Newcomen’s waste of energy could be reduced by adding a separate condenser(电容器). This splendid invention, patented in 1769, greatly increased the efficiency of the steam engine. The steam engine of Watt and his followers was the technological advance that gave people, at least for a while, unlimited power and allowed the invention and use of all kinds of power equipment.

The steam engine was quickly put to use in several industries in Britain. It drained mines and made possible the production of ever more coal to feed steam engines elsewhere.

27. Why are “beer, glass, soap, and other products”mentioned in the discussion of Britain’s energy?

A．To help explain why the energy crisis was severe.

B．To show that despite the energy crisis, as early as 1640, London homes were advanced and well supplied.

C．To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heat.

D．To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before the eighteenth century.

28.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery and Newcomen engines were similar EXCEPT ____________.

A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s. B.Both produced steam by burning coal. C. Both were used to operate pumps. D. Both were very inefficient.

29. What was James Watt’s major achievement?

A．He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientific instruments and tools for skilled crafts worker.

B．He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led to many patented inventions.

C．He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.

D．He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser. 30. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development of steam power?

A．The steam engine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.

B．Although Russia and Britain developed steam-powered technology at the same time, Britain was first to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.

C．Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase the supply of coal as a primary source of energy.

D．Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radical developments in machinery used in the iron industry.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

No matter how we laugh, laughter is a necessary part of a healthy, happy life. We can easily recognize laughter, but what exactly is it?

31 Laughter is a series of movements of the muscles in the face and the respiratory(呼吸的)system. These movements also cause the diaphragm(隔膜)，abdomen(腹部), heart, lungs, and liver to rub and press each other during a hearty laugh. 32 These movements also cause the heart to beat faster and increase the flow of blood to the brain. When the laughter stops, the heart slows down and the muscles relax. The results are a feeling of pleasure and well-being.

33 Studies at Loma Linda University School of Medicine in California show that laughter may help our white blood cells make antibodies(抗体)to fight infection and disease.

34 According to some psychologists, laughter shows that we are not afraid or worried. Think of a parent who takes a young child into a swimming pool. At first, the child probably doesn’t laugh and may even cry or feel frightened. However, once the child is sure that the parent will not let go, he or she begins to laugh and enjoy the water.

If we laugh to show that we are not afraid or worried, then why do some people laugh when they are nervous or afraid? 35 People laugh then because they want to pretend to be in control. Laughter can help us through a difficult time. It helps us cope and deal with problems. Research has shown that laughter can even help people handle pain.

Laughter, then, measures our ability to handle the world around us. If we can laugh when we are afraid, we will be able to survive and sure of ourselves, then we can laugh and enjoy life.

A. That is easy to explain.

B. These parts of the body are exercising. C. Laughter is also a psychological expression. D. First of all, laughter is a function of the body.

E. There is an old saying that goes “Laughter is the best medicine.”

F. People give a loud, hearty laugh which is sometimes called a “belly”laugh. G. It is also possible that laughter supports our bodies’ defenses against disease.

第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Aron Jackson is a hero. He grew up in a _36_ family in Florida, with golf and sunshine filling most of his days. In his early 20s he decided to travel, and the experience has