1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构

中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材

轮机英语自学题库

A.connecting rods B.main bearing C.column D.tie rods

注 连接机座、机架和气缸体成一体的显然是贯穿螺栓。D

131.The lower end of each piston rod is reduced in diameter to fit a bore in the cross-head this being secured to the piston rod by a ____.

A.bolt B.disc C.cap D.nut 注 每个活塞杆的下半端直径减少，以适合十字头孔，十字头与活塞杆用螺母固定。C

132.____ for attachment to the propeller shaft also accommodates the turning gear and is integrally forged the crankshaft.

A.The coupling flange(联轴节法兰) B.The camshaft C.The cross-head pin D.The cylinder jackets

注 与调距桨轴相连的联轴节法兰，同时也提供给盘车机，它与曲轴整体锻造而成。A

133. Smaller engines can be made more rigid than large ones and may not have ____. A.through bolts(贯穿螺栓) B.turbo-chargers C.bed plates D.columns

注 小型的发动机比大型发动机制造得更稳固，而且不需要贯穿螺栓。A 134.Because the castings of smaller engines are not so big and heavy, ____ and cylinder block may be made in one piece.

A. the column(机架) B.the jacket C.cylinder cover D.cylinder liner 注 由于小型发动机的铸件不是很重也不是很大，机架和气缸体可以做成一体。A

135. Diesel engines are started by supplying ____ into the cylinders in the appropriate sequence for the required direction.

A.fuel oil B.diesel oil C.compressed air D.jacket water

注 根据需要的转向以合适的顺序向气缸内鼓进压缩空气，可以启动柴油机。C

136. The burning of the fuel adds more heat to the air charge, causing it to expand and force the engine piston to do work on the crankshaft. What does \mean in this sentence?

A. the burning B. the fuel C. the air charge D. the engine piston

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English of marine engineering (Operational Level)

注 燃油的燃烧将更多的热量加给空气，引起空气膨胀。显然“it指的是“air

业轮charge。” C 机 工137.The lower end of each piston rod is reduced in diameter to fit a bore in

程the____this being secured to the piston rod by a nut.

A.piston gudgeon pin B.piston skirt C.cross-head D.cross- head pin 专注 每个活塞杆的下半端直径减少，以适合十字头孔，十字头与活塞杆用螺母固定。C

138.Please draw out a 0.1 mm ____ between the two halves of the bearing to reduce the clearance.

A.shim(薄垫片) B.gasket(垫圈) C.washer(垫圈) D.packing(填料) 注 抽出轴瓦之间的垫片，以减少间隙。A

139.The timing of the injection can be altered by raising or lowering the pump ____ in relation to the cam.

A.needle valve B.cylinder C.piston D.plunger 注 喷油定时可以通过改变柱塞和凸轮之间的相对位置来改变。D

140.The pumps press oil into the crosshead beating gap when the load on the shell is ____.

A.at its highest B.with its greatest C.increasingly larger D.at its lowest 注 当轴瓦上的负荷处于最小值时，油泵才能把油压到十字头轴承的间隙中去。D

141.In the two-stroke engine, each revolution of ____ makes one power or working stroke

A.the turning gear B.the turbo-charger C.the crankshaft D.the compressor 注 二冲程柴油机中，曲轴每转一转，就产生一个作功冲程。C

142.Each cylinder is closed at the top by a ____, made of a special heat-resistant steel. A.cylinder liner B.coupling flange C.cylinder cover D.piston crown 注 气缸的顶部由气缸盖封闭，缸盖由特殊的耐热钢制造。C

143.*Crankshafts of medium speed engines are ____ from a single piece of steel. A.unusually solid welded B.never be solid forged

C.almost invariably solid forged D.almost invariably be welded

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中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材

轮机英语自学题库

注 中速柴油机的曲轴几乎都是由一块钢整体锻造而成。C

144. _______is a source of power by which the diesel engine may operate A.Water energy(水身B) B.Electrical energy(电能) C.Chemical energy(化学能) D.Heat energy(热能) 注 热能是发动机功率的来源。D

145.The bore of each cylinder is formed in a liner which can be ____ when worn out.

A.welded B.replaced C.drilled again D.bored 注 缸套磨损后可以更换。B

146. ____ is fully floating in both connecting rod small end and the piston shirt. A.The piston rod(活塞杆) B.The cross head pin(十字头销) C.The gudgeon pin（活塞销） D.The crank-pin（曲柄销） 注 在二冲程柴油机中，活塞销一般是全浮动式的。C 147.The design of ____ is similar to that of the main bearing

A.the block bearing(支承轴承或止推轴承) B.the camshaft bearing

C.the connecting rod small end bearing D.the connecting rod large end beating

注 连杆大端轴承的设计与主轴承的设计相似。D

148.The piston body is mainly subjected to _______stress.

A.pushing B.stretch C.centrifugal D.compressive 注 活塞体主要承担压应力。D

149.When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, both the ____ and the temperature of the air rise to very high value.

A.density B.mass C.pressure D.volume 注 当活塞到达上止点时，空气的温度和压力都上升到很高的值。C 150.The cylinder covers and the liners are bolted together by means of ____. A.bolts welded into the cylinder head B.bolts welded into the cylinder frames

C.studs(双头螺栓)screwed into the cylinder head D.studs screwed into the cylinder frames

注 气缸盖和缸套通过双头螺栓固定，该螺栓旋在气缸架上。D

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English of marine engineering (Operational Level)

151.Since the burning or combustion takes place within the engine itself, the engine is known as ____.

A.a fire-tube boiler B.an internal combustion engine C.an external combustion engine D.an internal combustion generator 注 由于发动机的燃烧发生在发动机本身之内，因此这种发动机是一种内燃机。B

152.The crosshead shores are _______lined.

A.chromium B.alloy steel C.white metal D.white sliver 注 十字头滑块带有白合金衬。C

153.The position of the piston parts in relation to each other is secured by means of ____ in the crown.

A.a mark(记号) B.a bolt C.a dowel pin(定位销) D.a measuring tool 注 活塞的两部分彼此之间的有关位置是通过机加工的凹槽和活塞头上的定位销来回定的。C

154. The cylinder cover is not provided with ____.

A. fuel valve B.lubricator C.indicator valve D the starting valve 注 缸盖上有油头、示功旋塞和启动空气阀，但没有注油器。B

155.The crown is fairly thick with the cylindrical parts ____ to a thinner section.

A.forged B.tapering(锥形) C.drilling D.boring

注 活塞头区域的金属材料相对较厚，活塞圆柱体部分逐渐变薄。这主要是因为活塞内部的冷却空间而形成的结构特点。B

156. Two-stroke engines invariably have ____ to admit air when uncovered by the descending piston.

A.inlet ports B.outlet ports C.inlet valves D.exhaust valves

注 二冲程发动机必然具有进气口，当该气口被下行的活塞打开后，空气便进入。A

157.When ____ is compressed, its temperature rises so that it ignites the fine spray of fuel injected into the cylinder.

A.the oil B.the air C.the fresh water D.the steam 注 当空气被压缩时，其温度升高，引燃喷入气缸的细雾状燃油。B

158. The fuel injector injects a fine spray of fuel into the_____ and combustion takes

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业轮机工程专