1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构

中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材

轮机英语自学题库

308.In an ordinary diesel engine the fuel injection begins ____.

A.after TDC B.before TDC C.after BDC D.before BDC 注 常用柴油机工作时，燃油喷射开始于上止点之前。B

对比：In an ordinary four-stroke engine the exhaust valves open ____. A.after TDC B.before TDC C.after BDC D.before BDC 注 对于四冲程机，排气阀往往在下止点之前打开。D

309.In the sentence “In some designs the cylinder oil is timed so that the oil injects only on the piston ring belt,” the “piston ring belt”means ______. A.piston crown(活塞顶) B.piston groove

C.piston skirt D.piston ring area

注 在一些设计中，气缸油的注入是定时的，以便气缸油仅仅喷射在活塞环带区域。D

310.Marine four-stroke diesel engines are mainly ____. A.of crosshead type B.of trunk piston type C.of low speed type D.All of the above. 注 极大多数船用四冲程柴油机属于筒状活塞。B

311.The abbreviation BDC means ____.

A. Boston Diesel Company B.base circle diameter C. switch board case D.bottom dead center 注 术语“BDC”，是指气缸的“下止点”。D

312.The abbreviation TDC means ____.

A. top dead center B.temperature difference center C. time delay clock D.top diesel company 注 术语“TDC”，是指气缸的“上止点”。A

313.The cylinder liners are made of ____ arid the cylinder surfaces are sometimes chromium-plated.

A.steel B.copper C.castiron D.stainless steel 注 气缸套一般由铸铁制造，表面往往镀铬。C

314.The main bearing shells are made of steel with a lining of bearing metal which may be white metal , copper-lead ro alumimum-tin alloy. What is the meaning of “which” in the sentence above?

A.main bearing shells B.main bearing C.steel D.bearing metal 注 主轴承轴瓦是由钢制造，内衬套是由白合金制成。“which”代表“bearing metal”

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English of marine engineering (Operational Level)

D

315.The piston supporting body is mainly subjected to ____ stress.

A.pushing B.centrifugal C.stretch（拉伸或伸展) D.compressive 注 活塞支撑体主要承受压应力。D

316.The purpose of the flywheel of a diesel engine is to ____.

A.counterbalance(使平衡)the crank throws(曲柄臂)on the crankshaft B.keep the engine runmng smoothly between power stroke

C.provide a belt-driving surface for the operation of auxiliary machinery D.prevent the engine from overspeeding

注 柴油机飞轮的作用是保持发动机在作功冲程之间运转平稳。B

317.The working cycle of a four-stroke diesel engine consists of four events:①compression;②expansion;③exhaust;④suction. The correct sequence is ____.

A.④-②-③-① B.④-③-①-② C.④-③-②-① D.④-①-②-③ 注 四冲程的先后次序应该是吸气，压缩，膨胀，排气。D

318. Which of the following firing order may be used for an 6 cylinder engine? A.1-2-3-4-5-6. B.1-2-3-6-5-4. C.1-5-3-6-2-4. D.1-3-4-5-6-2 注 发动机发火次序的设置原则是“应尽量避免相邻两个气缸连续发火”。C 319.The essential part of the diesel engine, whose function is to convert the heat energy into the mechanical power, is the ____.

A.crankshaft B.piston C.connecting md D.bearing 注 柴油机部件中，把热能转化为机械能的是活塞。B

320.As to the bearing,of the following，which statement is not true? A.If overheat is found, the engine must be stopped for inspection.

B.Much heat of the crankcase door indicates that the bearing is overheated. C.If bearing clearance is too large, knocking will be heard in the crankcase. D.If bearing clearance is too large or too small, the white metal may be melted. 注“曲柄箱导门过热表明轴承过热”显然不正确。B

321.In the combustion chamber, the part whose surface is exposed to the highest temperature is the ____.

A.cylinder liner B.cylinder cover C.piston D.exhaust valve 注 在燃烧室中，表面与最高温度接触的部件显然是排气阀。D

322.For Vee-fonn engines, ____ is shaped to given two slopping surface on which ____ are placed at the correct relative angle to each other.

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业轮机工程专