1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构

中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材

轮机英语自学题库

D.using less oil than medium-speed engines 注 大型船用低速二冲程柴油机具有的优点不包括。D

A.燃用劣质廉价燃油 B.提高更高的效率C.可反转 D.比中速机用油少（该项无法比较）

259. In four strokes engine, the cycle of events is completed in four strokes of ____. A.the cylinder B.the crankshaft C.the piston D.the cross-head 注 四冲程柴油机中，工作循环是由活塞的四个冲程来完成的。C

260.Cylinder liners from older lower powered engines had a uniform wall thickness and the cooling was achieved by circulating cooling water through a space formed between ____.

A.crown and skirt B.liner and jacket C.ring and groove D.jacket and block 注 老式低功率柴油机气缸套有一个均匀的厚壁，冷却是通过冷却水在气缸套和水套之间行程的冷却水腔循环取得的。B

261.When the piston of an engine is at the lowest point of its stroke , the engine is said to be on _______.

A.bottom dead center B.inner and jacket C.ring and groove D.TDC 注 当活塞运行到该行程最低点时，在柴油机该点叫做 “bottom dead center”或“BDC”（下止点）。A

262.Compression takes place in the cylinder through the ______motion of the piston.

A.downward B.upward C.inward D.outward 注 压缩冲程活塞的运动是向上运动。B

263.During working, when the piston is near the ____ ,the air ignites the fine spray of fuel.

A.TDC B.DTC C.BDC D.BCD

注 发动机工作时，当活塞接近上止点时，空气便点燃细雾：状的燃油。A 264.In ____stroke,the work energy is being put into the engine.

A. Suction B.compression C.expansion D. Exhaust 注 柴油机只在膨胀行程对外作功，其他三个行程耗功。C

265.The chain transmission, forming the connection between the ______ and the camshaft, is enclosed in a cast iron casing known as the chain drive casing. A.turning gear B.crankshaft

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English of marine engineering (Operational Level)

C.connecting rod D.piston rod

业轮机266.Which of following statements is not true concerning the true concerning the

cylinder liner? 工 A. The bore of each cylinder is formed in a liner which can be replaced when

程worn out.

B. The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication. 专注 曲轴和凸轮轴之间的链条传递机构被封闭在链条驱动箱内。B

C.In later types , the cylinder liner has drillings for cooling water at the lowermost part of it .

D. The cylinder liners of the main engine are usually made of heat-resistant and wearable cast iron.

注 下列关于气缸套不正确的是？C

267.How are the two shells of the main bearing fixed? A. By means of studs and bearing caps. B. By means of of bolts.

C.By means of studs and nuts. D.By means of through bolts.

注 主轴承是怎样安装两片轴瓦？通过螺栓和轴承盖。A

268.A number of cylinder liners are enclosed in one cast iron casing to form a____. A. Cylinder cover B.cylinder block C.cylinder frame D.bedplate 注 气缸套被封闭通过一定数量的铸铁铸成的气缸块。B 269.What is the function of tie rods?

A.To fix cylinder covers and the liners together B.To support the cylinder.

C.To secure the bedplate , frames and cylinder blocks together. D.To stiffen the foundation of the engine.

注 贯穿螺栓的功能是把机座、机架和气缸体固定在一起。C

270.Where are the scavenge air ports located?

A.They are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston when the piston is in the TDC position. B.They are located in the upper part of the liner. C.They are located closed to the cylinder cover.

D.They are located in the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box. 注 扫气口的位置在哪？在气缸套上扫气箱内。D

271.What is the strong cast iron frame called that is mounted on the top of the scavenge box for each cylinder ?

A.Cooling jacket. B.Cylinder liner.

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中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材

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C.Piston crown. D. Cylinder cover. 注 安装在扫气箱顶部的高强度的铸铁结构是气缸水套。A

272.How is the cylinder cover mounted?

A.It is pressed onto the flange of the cylinder liner by means of nuts and studs. B.It is secured to the cylinder liner by welding.

C.The cylinder cover and the liner are forged together. D.The cylinder cover is screwed into the liner.

注 气缸盖是怎样安装的？它通过螺母和螺栓压在气缸盖上的法兰。A

273.There are many valves in the cylinder cover . What are they?

A.They are exhaust valve, fuel valves, starting valve and air inlet ports.

B.They are exhaust valve, fuel valves, starting valve , safety valve and indicator cock.

C.They are exhaust valve, fuel valves, purge valve, safety valve and indicator cock.

D.They are exhaust valve, fuel valves, starting valve , safety valve and air release valve.

注 气缸盖上有什么阀件？都是什么？有排气阀、油头、启动阀、安全阀和示功阀。B

274.All the rings are slightly rounded on their external top and bottom edges to keep the oil film on the cylinder liner during ____ for new piston rings. A.the running-in period B.The running process C.gas exchange process D.the boiler firing 注 running-in period指磨合期或跑合期。A

275.The cooling oil is usually supplied to the pistons by means of ____ connected to the crosshead

A.injectors B.pumps C.telescopic pipes D.guide-ways 注 冷却油通过伸缩管供应到活塞十字头。C

276.The pistons are cooled by oil supplied from the______.

A. forced lubrication system B.open system C.SW cooling system D.FW cooling system 注 活塞用强制润滑系统提供的油来冷却。A

277.The crosshead and crankpin bearings are secured to the ______by means of fitted bolts.

A.crosshead guides B.crosshead shoes C.piston rod D.connecting rod 注 十字头和曲柄销轴承通过服配螺栓连接在连杆上。D

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English of marine engineering (Operational Level)

278.On two-stroke diesels ____ is usually provided because the exhaust gas driven turbo-blower cannot provide enough air at low engine speeds.

A.a hydraulic governor B.an electrically auxiliary blower C.control valves D.electric motors

业轮机工注 二冲程柴油机中，一般装备一台电力驱动的辅助鼓风机，因为在低速运行时，

程废气涡轮增压器不能提供足够的空气。B

专279.After passing through the turbine the exhaust gas is conducted out into the ____. A.incinerator B.compressor C.cylinder D.open air 注 发动机废气经过废气涡轮增压器的透平后，便被通到大气。D

280. When the exhaust ports or valves are opened, the ____ begin to exhaust.

A.carbon and water B.refrigeration steam C.burnt gases D.oil sludge 注 当排气口或排气阀打开时，燃气开始排出。C

281. On opposite ends of a single shaft of a turboblower are a gas driven ____ and a air compressor, which are sealed each other.

A.charge air receiver B.scavenging air belt C.turbine D.air cooler 注 涡轮增压器轴的两端，分别是废气驱动的透平和压气机，两者相互密封。C 282.The efficiency of turbocharge system is increased by fitting a charge air cooler ____ the compressor.

A.inside B.before C.after D.against

注 增压系统的效率可以通过在空压机后装设空冷器来提高（进一步增加进气空气的密度）。C

283.In a main propulsion turbocharged diesel engine, the speed of the turbocharger varies according to the ____.

A.governor droop B.speeder spring tension C.fuel rack lag D.load on the engine 注 在涡轮增压主机中，涡轮增压器的转速随柴油机负荷而变化。D

284.The most common instrument used to measure diesel engine exhaust pressure is the ____.

A.pyrometer B.bourdon gauge C.pneumercator D.manometer 注 测量柴油机排气压力最常用的设备是压力表。D

285.A two-stroke engine is usually equipped with an auxiliary blower fan , which is supposed to be used _____.

A.during continuously reduced speed under a longer sea voyage B.during a scavenging fire , to help put out the fire

C.during maneuver and maneuver speed condition (arrival and departure)

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