1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构

中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材

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1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构

1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______.

A. piston B. connecting rod C. cylinder D. spark plug 注 柴油机与汽油机相似除了柴油机没有火花塞。D

2. Fuel oil begins to inject into the cylinder of a four-stroke diesel engine during the _____.

A. intake stroke B. exhaust stroke C. power stroke D. compression stroke 注 燃油开始喷射进入柴油机气缸是在压缩冲程末。D

3. Oil for piston cooling is delivered through rod to a compartment in the piston heat, then distributed as a result of piston motion, and finally drained to the crankcase through one or more holes or pipes; this procedure is known as the _____.

A. splash method B. spray method C. shaker method D. throw-off method

注 活塞冷却油通过活塞杆进入一个空间，由于活塞的往复运动，将通过一些小孔管加热，分配最后排放冷却油到曲轴箱，这个过程被称为震荡冷却。C 4. Successful combustion inside the cylinders of a diesel engine depend upon______. A. fine atomization B. high temperature

C. good mixing of fuel and air D. any one of the other alternatives

注 柴油机气缸内完全燃烧取决于良好雾化，高温，以及燃油空气的良好混合。D

5. The function of diesel engine valve springs is to ______. A. hold the valves open

B. keep the valves off their seats until the exhaust stroke is completed C. close the valves

D. open inlet valves when the air injection cycle begins 注 柴油机阀件弹簧的作用是关闭阀。C

6. Cast iron pistons used in large propulsion diesel engines are constructed with_____. A. no taper

B. the skirt being tapered and smaller than the crown C. the skirt being tapered and larger than the crown D. the crown being tapered and smaller than the skirt

注 使用在大型推进装置的铸铁活塞的建造是使用活塞头呈锥面，并且小于活塞裙。D

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English of marine engineering (Operational Level)

7. In a full floating piston pin, the pin is prevented from sliding against the cylinder walls by _______

A. snap rings B. seal welding C. a press fitting D. a tongue-and-groove 注 在全浮动的活塞销上，扣环可以防止活塞销滑动而碰壁。A 8. The use of push rods is necessary in a diesel engine when______ A. the camshaft located some distance below the rocker arms B. the rocker arms are pivoted near their centers

C. two or more valves must be opened and closed at same time D. hydraulic valve lash adjusters are used

注 当凸轮轴位于摇臂之下距离时，推杆的使用是必要的。A

9. In a large slow-speed propulsion diesel engine, the force applied to the crosshead is ______

A. against the crosshead during power stroke and away from the crosshead during the compression stroke

B. against the crosshead during the compression stroke and away from the crosshead during the compression stroke

C. against the crosshead during the power and compression strokes D. away from the crosshead during the power and compression strokes

注 在大型低速主推进柴油机中，施加给活塞的力，在压缩冲程和作功冲程期间是对着十字头方向的。C

10. Diesel engine cylinder head test cocks are used to ______. A. check cylinder lubrication prior to starting engine

B. connect exhaust gas analyzers to determine engine efficiency C. hydraulic test exhaust heats for leaking

D. remove moisture accumulations from cylinders prior to starting 注 柴油机缸盖上的示功阀用来除掉启动前气缸内的残余物。D

11. Besides assisting in cooling, the piston cooling fins also provide extra strength for the piston______.

A. skirt B. crown C. wrist pin D.oil rings

注 除了冷却外，活塞冷却翅片也为活塞头提供了附加的力。B

12. In diesel engines, the four basic events (intake, compression, power and exhaust) are performed once in _______.

A. two crankshaft revolutions in a two-stroke engine B. two power stroke in a two-stroke engine C. collecting the air charge at the air cleaner D. combustion and expansion of hot gas

注 在二冲程柴油机中，活塞两个冲程期间，进气、压缩、作功和排气等四个动

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作各进行一次。D

13. In describing basic diesel engine operation, the term”event” refers to the______. A. production of high pressure gases

B. removal of expended combustion gases C. admission of air to the cylinder D. any one of the other alternatives

注 在描述柴油机基本工作过程中，术语\指的是，高压气体的产生，废气的排出和新鲜空气的吸入。D

14. The term”diesel engine scavenging” means______

A. delivering more air into the cylinder than it would normally receive during an ordinary charging process

B. forcing the products of combustion out of the cylinder with the fresh air charge C. collecting the air charge at the air cleaner D. combustion and expansion of hot gas

注 柴油机的扫气是利用新鲜的空气将废气排除的过程。B

15.If fuel oil injects into the cylinder of a diesel engine just after the piston passes top dead center, it will_______

A. increase engine power B. increase engine load C. decrease engine power D. improve fuel economy 注 在柴油机上止点后喷油将降低柴油机的功率。C 16. The air supplied to a diesel engine is compressed to ______ A. provide heat for the ignition of the fuel B. start the engine

C. decrease injection delay D. improve fuel economy

注 供给柴油机的空气被压缩，以提供足够的热量引燃燃油，但不能减少喷油延时。A

17. In a single-acting diesel engine, the cylinder liner area that is most difficult to lubricate is the _____

A. major thrust side B. minor thrust side

C. top circumference D. bottom circumference

注 在单作用的柴油机上，最难润滑的汽缸套区域是主推力侧。A

18. A naturally aspirated diesel engine at full throttle will have an intake manifold

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English of marine engineering (Operational Level)

pressure______

A. slightly less than atmospheric pressure

B. approximately equal to exhaust manifold pressure at all times C. that is widely fluctuating

D. constantly decreasing as engine load increases

注 对于自然吸入的柴油机，进气总管内的压力稍低于大气压。A

19. Which of the following two events occurs simultaneously in a two-stroke diesel engine?

A. exhaust and scavenging B. scavenging and compression C. ignition and exhaust D. exhaust and compression 注 排气和扫气冲程在二冲程的柴油机里同时发生。A

20.”loop”,”uniflow”,” ”, and “return-flow”, are terms used to describe various types of______

A. control air circuits B. supercharging C. turbochargers D. scavenging 注 弯流，直流，横流，回流这些都是扫气的类型。D

21. In order to reverse the rotation of a two-stroke loop scavenged, direct reversing, propulsion diesel engine, the cam positions must be changed for the _______ A. starting air and fuel pumps B. piston cooling pumps

C. exhaust valves D. any one of the other alternations 注 柴油机换向，必须改变启动空气、燃油泵凸轮的位置。A

22. Connecting rods in a trunk-piston diesel engine are opened and used to connect the_______

A. engine to the bed B. rocker arm to the camshaft C. crankshaft to the gear train D. piston to the crankshaft 注 筒形活塞柴油机的连杆被用来链接活塞和曲轴D

23. The intake ports of a two-stroke diesel engine are opened and closed by the action of the _______

A. camshaft B. piston movement C. exhaust valves D. vertical drive 注 二冲程柴油机吸气口的启闭是由活塞运动实现的。B

24. What causes diesel fuel to be ignited in the cylinder of an operating diesel engine? A. spark plug B. heat of compression C. carburetor D. glow plug

注 柴油机是压燃式的内燃机，然油是由空气的压缩热引燃的 B 25. The lower section of a piston is called the _____

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