英汉翻译完整版

不怕没办法”。 汉语中的动词（包括动宾词组、主谓词组等）无处不在，不仅做谓语，也可以做主语，如“理论联系实际是我们党的优良传统”；做宾语，如“鲁迅主张打落水狗”；做定语，如“讨论的问题很重要”；做状语，如“一定要批判地继承我国的文学艺术遗产”和补语，如“小溪旁那些女人们听得笑起来了”。

汉语为数不多的介词，大都是从古代汉语动词演变而来的，有些还具备动词的一般特点，兼属于介词和动词两类，因此有些语法学家称它们为“半动词”、“副动词”，“汉语中的绝大多数的‘介词’，应该划归动词的范畴，只是入句时，表现了相当于英语介词的作用”,如“他在家”中的“在”为动词,而“他在家看书”中的“在”则为介词。

? Passive vs Active

英语重物称，常常选择不能施行动作或无生命的词语作主语，由于这些“无灵”物称充当主语，使得被动句大兴其道。在英语被动句里，不必强调动作的施行者，就将其置于句尾由by连接；不必、不愿或不便言明动作的施行者，就干脆将其省略。

汉语重人称，主语常常是能施行动作或有生命的物体，大都以主动句的形式出现。

4. style

Style is the essential characteristic of every piece of writing, the outcome of the writer’s personality and his emotions at the moment, and no single paragraph can be put together without revealing in some degree the nature of its author. Features of jounalistic writing ? ABC priciple ? accuracy ? brevity ? clarity

5. 不同文体的语言特点和翻译原则 散文：p161diversity flexibility grace 诗歌:p166 grace 广告 : p206 brief

新闻:p250.及时性，真实性,准确性

第三题 词汇翻译：

back：回来、支持、背脊

popular：受欢迎、大众化、一般、通俗

regular：一般、固定、定期、常常、均匀、正规、普通

delicate：娇嫩的、精致的、娇生惯养、奢侈的、虚弱的、容易吃坏的、容易碰碎的、微妙的、讲不大清楚的、难做的、对...有鉴赏力、灵敏的、生花妙笔、美味的

flattering：奉承的，谄媚的 flattered：有胆量的，勇敢的 fidgety：不安的，烦躁的

restless：焦躁不安、不安宁的、得不到满足的 as luck would have it：碰巧 真幸运 explosion：爆发，激增

ambitious：野心勃勃的、有雄心的、炫耀的

acquaintance：相识的人、熟人、对...有了解、知识心得 operation：操作、经营、手术、运算、作用 difficulty：困难、麻烦、异议、争论、拮据 kindness：仁慈、善行、友好的行为

fortune：命运、富有、幸运、给予财富、偶然发生

token：象征、记号；作为对某事的保证的、象征性的；预兆着 success：成功、成就、好结果、成功的人 construction：建筑物、建造、解释

suggestion：建议、意见、暗示、联想、启发

第四题 PPT原题

I had scarcely got into bed when a strain of music seemed to break forth in the air just below the window. I listened, and found it proceeded from a band, which I concluded to be the waits（圣诞街头乐队） from some neighboring village. They went round the house, playing under the windows. I drew aside the curtains to hear them more distinctly.

我刚要上床睡觉，一串乐声似乎就在窗下响起。我侧耳倾听，原来是一个乐队在吹拉弹奏，一定是邻村来的圣诞乐队。他们绕着屋子走，在窗下奏乐。我拉开窗帘以便听得更清楚些。

The moonbeams fell through the upper part of the casement, partially lighting up the antiquated apartment. The sounds, as they receded, became more soft and aerial, and seemed to accord with the quiet and moonlight. I listened and listened —they became more and more tender and remote, and, as, they gradually died away, my head sunk upon the pillow, and I fell asleep. 月光透过落地窗的上部，部分地照亮了这一古旧的房屋。随着乐声渐远，声音变得更加轻柔飘渺，与四周的宁静和月光相和谐一致。我听着听着——乐声越来越弱，越遥远，逐渐地消逝。我的头落在了枕头上，安然睡去。

She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.

那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落

的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。

Through one violet-stained window a soft light glowed, where, no doubt, the organist loitered over the keys, making sure of his mastery of the coming Sabbath anthem.

一丝柔和的灯火从紫罗兰色的玻璃窗里透露出来。无疑，里面的风琴师为了给星期日唱赞美诗伴奏正在反复练习

Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profession of the unemployed. The poor should be practical and prosaic.浪漫是有钱人的特权，而不是失业者的行当。穷人就应该讲求实际，平淡无奇。

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.一个拥有大笔财富的单身汉必定是需要一位妻子的，这是条公认的真理。

There were flowers: delphiniums, sweet peas, bunches of lilac; and carnations, masses of carnations. There were roses; there were irises. Ah yes—so she breathed in the earthy garden sweet smell as she stood talking to Miss Pym who owed her help, and thought her kind, for kind she had been years ago; very kind, but she looked older, this year, turning her head from side to side among the irises and roses and nodding tufts of lilac with her eyes half closed, snuffing in, after the street uproar, the delicious scent, the exquisite coolness.

到处都是鲜花烂漫：翠雀花，香豌豆花，一束束丁香花；有康乃馨，许许多多的康乃馨。那儿有玫瑰；有蝴蝶花。哦，有许多花——因此当她站在那儿和皮姆小姐说话时，同时呼吸着带有泥土气息的花园的馨香。皮姆得到过她的帮助，认为她很和善亲切，她多年前很是和善亲切；非常和善亲切，但今年她显老了一些，她半闭着眼睛，头在蝴蝶花、玫瑰花和一丛丛上下摆动的丁香花间转来转去，在大街上的喧嚣之后尽情地闻吸这醉人的芳香，这沁人的清凉。

It’s the most romantic day of the year again, but for many people the cards they receive on February 14 are not from a Valentine, but from themselves. One in nine love letters or cards received on Valentine’s Day were sent by people to themselves “to save face on the ‘dreaded’ V-day,” according to a study announced by the British online retailer Amazon. co. uk on Thursday.

又到了一年中最浪漫的时刻，但是很多人在2月14日情人节这天收到的情人卡不是来自情人的，而是他们为自己寄出的。据英国网上零售商亚马逊公司在周四公布的一项调查，在情人节这天寄出的情书或情人卡中有九分之一都是担心自己在“可怕的”情人节这天收不到情人卡，为保全面子而给自己寄出的。

Amazon, which questioned more 1,000 people in Britain, France and Germany found that Germans were the least romantic, with 69 percent saying Valentine’s Day was unimportant, compared with 54 percent of Britons and 46 percent of French. The survey found that Germans were also the most likely to forget to give their partners a present while the French spent the most on their loved ones.

亚马逊公司对1000多名英国人、法国人和德国人进行了调查，发现德国人在这三个国家的

人中属于最不浪漫的。在调查中，有69%的德国人表示情人节对他们来说并不重要，相比之下，只有54%的英国人和46%的法国人有同样的想法。调查还发现德国人往往不记得给自己的爱人送礼物，而法国人则在为爱人买礼物上花的钱最多。

More than 50 million acres of farmland have been submerged and grain store damaged. Thousand of peasants have been shown on television trying to save their grain by loading sacks into boats or trying to move them to higher ground.”

五千多万亩粮田被淹,许多粮仓被毁。电视报道了成千上万的农民在设法抢救粮食,他们或把麻袋装的粮食运到船上,或者把它们转移到高处。

Unlike these exhibitions, (不像其它的展览会）it is the highest-class exhibition in the world. World Expos provide great（极大的机会） opportunities for a country, through motivating （激发，刺激）the whole nation, to demonstrate its social, economic and cultural achievements and future prospects in a comprehensive way. This is why（这是为什么） it is always such a large-scaled international activity for which countries compete vigorously with each other. It has been one and a half centuries since it was born. But till now,（到现在为止） only a few countries-America, Canada, Japan and South Korea have hosted World Expositions. Recently, Shanghai, one of China’s most prosperous and lively cities has been granted this golden chance （黄金机会）to host the World Expo in 2010.

与其它展览会不同，世博会是世界最高级别的展览会。世博会给一个国家提供绝佳的机会，激励整个国家综合展示该国的社会、经济和文化成就以及发展前景。这就是各国为承办这一大规模的国家性活动而积极竞争的原因。世博会已经有150年的历史了。但是，迄今为止，只有美国、加拿大、日本和韩国等几个国家主办过。最近，中国最繁荣最具活力的城市之一--上海取得了主办2010年世博会的宝贵机会。

The use of scholar and wind power is now increasing rapidly, raising hope that such alternative energy technologies can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and generate new jobs. The global wind power industry, for example, has become a $ 2-billion-a-year business, expanding at a rate of 25% per year. India, China, and a dozen European nations have installed thousands of wind turbines that generate electricity at a cost comparable to new coal-fired power plants. In the 1990s, Germany has created 10,000 new jobs in its wind industry. Wind power now provides less than 1% of the world’s total electricity, but that figure could climb to 20% or more in 50 years, according to Worldwatch Institute researchers. 太阳能和风能的利用正在迅速发展，这些可代替能源能极有可能在很大程度上减少温室气体排放，并创造新的就业岗位

比如，全球风能电力产业年利润达20亿美元， 并以每年25%的增长率增长。印度、中国和十多个欧洲国家安装了成千上万个的风力涡轮机，这些涡轮机产电的费用额与新的燃煤发电厂相当。20世纪90年代，德国创造了一万个风能业领域的就业岗位。虽然风能产生的电力占全世界总电力的不足1%，但世界观察协会的研究者表示这个数字在未来50年里将上升至20%。

As the fast food industry has grown more competitive in the United States, the major chains have looked to overseas markets for their future growth. The McDonald's Corporation recently used a new phrase to describe its hopes for foreign conquest: \realization.\A decade ago,