综合教程第四册课后习题答案unit1

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案 主编：李荫华

上海外语教育出版社 Unit 1

Part II Text A lexf Organization

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.

Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia

Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union

Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign. 2.

Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas

Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy

Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 the Russian

counter-offensive and the outcome of the war Vocabulary

I. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) regions 7) declarations 8) siege

9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of

2. 1) is faced with 2 ) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through

3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.

2) Production inmany factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike

3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.

4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.

4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous

regions to build up our bases.

2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.

3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.

II. More Synonyms in Context

1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.

3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.

4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather. III. Usage

1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.

3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work

4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.

5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early. 6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A)

1. invasion 2. stand in the way

3. Conquest 4. catching... off his guard 5. launching 6. declaration 7. campaign 8. drag on

9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt (B)

1. allow 2. reckoned 3. highly 4. forecasts 5. rapidly 6. instant 7. delivery 8. advantage 9. observing 10. Powerful II. Translation

1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.

2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.

3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.

4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.

5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground.

Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance.

The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of

us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a

gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius

and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before

dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The

enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.